GASTRO ESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

GASTRO ESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE - Essay Example GERD is a hazard factor for Barrett’s esophageal (BE), which likewise inclines patients to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Patients determined to have GERD require proton siphon inhibitors treatment as an instrument to forestall the event of BE and EAC. This paper is an examination of the current investigations on GERD and a survey of a contextual analysis for a kid experiencing GERD. Contextual investigation The contextual investigation is of a multi year old kid who experienced migraines and neck torment. The youngster had begun grumbling of the agony four years before the mother counseled a chiropractic specialist. The kid had created torment subsequent to riding in a â€Å"dodge ‘em† vehicle. A crisis stop exacerbated the torment, which constrained the mother to look for clinical help. The seriousness of the neck torment had diminished before counsel, however the power of cerebral pains had stayed consistent. Different indications included episodes of tipsine ss and queasiness brought about by neck pivot, overwhelming sickness in the first part of the day, and extreme neck agony and heaving after suppers. The youngster likewise experienced stomach torment over the stomach, repeating bronchitis and headache because of the family ancestry. The specialist played out a physical assessment that indicated typical development and improvement. Neurological, stomach, cardiovascular, and respiratory assessments didn't display unusual discoveries. Limitations on segmental movement on upper cervical spine and sacral brokenness were seen after a chiropractic spinal assessment. The specialist likewise watched Shimizu reflex on the upper right hand side showing an upper cervical issue (Jonasson, and Knaap, 2006). Utilizing the above data, the specialist made a conclusion of cervicogenic migraine and stomach torment. The specialist accepted the torment had a somatovisceral beginning. The analyzed issue was accepted to be because of upper cervical comple x subluxation and milk sensitivity. The specialist proposed treatment including a mix of chiropractic control of upper cervical mind boggling and cranial treatment. This prompted a brief decrease in migraines and unaltered stomach torment. The mother looked for another feeling from a kids specialist after seven medicines. The subsequent interview uncovered standard colic, consistent reflux, and intermittent spewing forth of undigested food. These indications disturbed when the kid accepted a supine stance. Stomach torment on the stomach and lower chest caused the specialist to modify the underlying analysis to GERD. The patient was alluded to his general professional for GERD treatment and follow-up contacts uncovered that the condition had improved hugely (Jonasson, and Knaap, 2006). Flow Research History of the infection The predominance of the illness has expanded worldwide because of rising stoutness and meds that influence LES capacities. Studies have demonstrated that around 3 3% of the US populace gripe of GERD side effects month to month (Narmeen and Woodward, 2013). Ladies have a higher pace of encountering GERD side effects than men. Western nations have a high commonness going from 38 percent in Northern Europe to 9 percent in Italy. Every year, more than 100 million proton siphon inhibitors are recommended to GERD patients in the western world. The high commonness in western nations can be ascribed to way of life, which is a significant inclining factor. The condition is an inclining factor for esophageal malignant growth, which influences around 400, 000 individuals around the world (Vats et al, 2006). Patients experience loss of craving and harms to the lungs, throat, and ears because of abundance

Why Smart Companies Do Dumb Things Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why Smart Companies Do Dumb Things - Essay Example The longing to remain in front of Pepsi and to have the option to meet the flavor of what Pepsi produces made the system of New Coke convincing to the officials of Coca Cola. In the mid 80’s coke lost its piece of the overall industry to its opponent Pepsi by two offer focuses which spoke to about $960million deals of Coke creation. Coke genuine promoting issue was its ad and not its item. With an adjustment in the soda pop buyer advertise, coke couldn't coordinate with the point of view with its ads promotions. Coca Cola had lost age of youngsters with its tasteless publicizing style. Coke promoting had a tedious look and feel in contrast with Pepsi. Coke didn't have any important explanation for the adolescent in the 80’s. It was being situated as a drink favored by senior residents in contrast with Pepsi promotions which focused the young people. Therefore the organization didn't give any consideration in improving the promoting somewhat centered around the item as showcasing issue. Coke promoting system was done coordinating with the young culture. Coke had investigated each number and projection before the dispatch of its New Coke and the figures were exact however it mis-leaded the organization as it permitted the organization to pursue an inappropriate issue. The issue was in commercial technique the officials believed it to be the item. The official of Coke became overly energetic with delicate and crazy numbers. It disregarded the issue that affected the nature of the numbers, for example, look into plan, issue definition, how to pose inquiries and the diagnostic aptitudes which assisted with interpretting the significance of the numbers. Numbers have consistently been acknowledged happily thus did New Coke before its dispatch. New Coke promoting research needed legitimacy as it didn't impart to its purchaser that its lead image would be supplanted with new better item and its exploration was one dimensional. It was based distinctly in taste testing which occurred at focal areas and was

Words of Wisdom from 1st Year student Alex Frias MPA 21 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Words of Wisdom from 1st Year student Alex Frias MPA 21 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Hi! I’m Alex Frías, from sunny Mazatlan, Mexico. I am a 22 year-old first year IFEP student at SIPA. Before starting this adventure at Columbia, I was doing my BA at McGill University, getting involved with the Mexican diplomatic mission in Montreal as well as the Mexican community in Canada. I came to SIPA because I am really interested (and optimistic) about US-Mexico-Canada cooperation on trade, investment, migration, and environmental issues.   Something random about me is that I’m super passionate about Russian literature and astrophysics!   Describe a week at SIPA for you. I arranged my schedule in such a way that I would have some days off to focus on my professional development, which is a big part of one’s journey at SIPA. Monday I only have Microeconomics with Prof. Gerratana (amazing person and an even better professor!). I usually stay at SIPA for a few hours, working on assignments and catching up with friends on the 4th floor. Since it is a fairly calm day, I like making myself a nice dinner, watch the news and get ready for a busier Tuesday. Tuesday A busier day for me. I have Quant in the morning, followed by a “break” that I always dedicate to catch up with the news back home (Mexico and Canada). After that I have my Politics of Policymaking (POP) class with Prof. Sabatini, which is just a great time to discuss politics happening throughout the world. Wednesday The busiest day! Micro in the morning, then 3 hours of accounting with Prof. Bartczak, followed by POP recitation. I am usually exhausted after all my classes so, to keep myself sane, I normally watch a show and try to rest as much as I can Thursday through Sunday I focus on learning new skills online, reaching out to alumni, looking at internship opportunities, but also go out to talks, gatherings with my peers or even chill at the Columbia Club to meet new people. After all, socializing is a big part of professional development here at SIPA. How do you find the curriculum? Is there a steep learning curve at SIPA? I think it really depends on your background. Coming straight from undergraduate gave me the benefit that it didn’t take long for me to get used to the academic pace. But even then, professors are always there for you and will proactively reach out if they feel you are struggling. Regarding the curriculum, not even after all my research when applying here did I realize how you can shape your degree. It is absolutely safe to say that two MPAs or two MIAs at SIPA can have very little in common because of how you can tailor your program to exactly your needs. In my case, I am tailoring my MPA to be very similar to an MBA but with a strong policymaking perspective, given the role that government policy plays in the markets and business world.   Whats your favorite thing about SIPA? The people, by far. A friend said during orientation, “I don’t know what kind of algorithm admissions uses, but they nail it with the kind of people they pick!” Everyone is very open-minded, down to earth, and from so many different backgrounds that it’s impossible to find someone at SIPA who does not have an interesting story to tell. Oh, and it’s also very cool to be waiting in the same line for coffee with a Nobel laureate (Professor Stiglitz). Whats something you want to change about SIPA? Sometimes we forget SIPA is part of a wider Columbia. It’s very easy to stay in the SIPA bubble, with such amazing talks happening there so often and the proximity with your classmates that the International Affairs Building fosters. I really force myself to spend my time elsewhere other than SIPA, and explore the many libraries and amazing activities that Columbia and Barnard have to offer.   What would you tell yourself about applying knowing what you know about SIPA now?   Don’t be shy, get involved and interact with SIPA people! Students, alumni, professors, and people from Admissions: We. Don’t. Bite. Oh and also, for international students: housing in NYC is crazy. Don’t be like me. Think about coming a few weeks in advance to find a place to live. What advice do you have for applicants?   Don’t get discouraged because of grades, GRE scores, or job experience. People at SIPA understand each of those only tell a very limited part of your story. Trust me when I say this: there is no one way to get into graduate shool. As cliché as it sounds, don’t let your “weaknesses” bring you down; rather, share with Admissions what your attributes are and how you can put them into action at SIPA.   Best of luck and I hope to see you around the halls of SIPA next year!

Post Merger Analysis - Assignment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1700 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Post Merger Analysis Answer 1 The health care industry future is governed by numerous doubts as it is feeling the temperature of both economic and regulatory fronts. The industry of health care is one of the regulated industries in the USA and organizations are needed to conform to a numeral of state and federal laws and regulations. These regulations In turn, have increased costs of health care to untenable levels (Horner and Basu, 2012). The health care industry from an economic standpoint has been facing profound cuts with a decrease in revenue of per-patient that pretense an enormous risk to the industry. There has been also rise in the pressures of regulatory in expressions of pricing and developments fronts. The huge players in the market habitually have superior admittance to additional resources that let them to battle the unconstructive forces to a definite extent. On the other hand, minor health care entities might locate it hard to battle in oppos ition to these situations and consequently consolidation in the industry is perceived as one of the means for endurance. Several providers of health care service are taking on acquisitions and mergers consecutively to advance patient care, operational effectiveness, and lesser their costs. Several of the motives at the back consolidation in the industry are: 1) drawing on a partnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s exclusive managerial or clinical strengths, 2) seeking out economies of scale, 3) advanced access to capita 4) gaining strength of geographic to improved serve community and patient needs, l and 5) enhanced influence in payer negotiations. There are several financial drivers to glance for in a merger. Several are direct and several are indirect as conferred below: 1. Increase in expenses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" An innovative technology is initiated every day in the health care field. New diseases direct to fresh areas of expertise. Technology of State of the art and a modernized pool o f expertise/ knowledge are needed for organizations of health care to endure among stiff competition. It raises expenses with no major raise in income. A merger will aid in pooling technology and expertise to decrease costs. Mergers assist in taking the benefit of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Economies of Scale.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  2.. Higher Patient Volumes at lesser Rates of Reimbursement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Insurance premium rates with the preface of the ACA (Affordable Care Act),will be reduced to a large extent. Even though this law will aid in building health insurance reasonably priced to uninsured Americans, it will take a big bite out of the health care industry revenue. Minor organizations will not be capable to endure in such a circumstance. A merger will aid in doubling-up the level (as base of customer will increase), thus recompensing for the decline in for each patient revenue. 3. Capital infusion A huge sum of capital is needed to advance the health care infrastructure in budding nations. Players of Healthcare in these nations are consequently additional expected to employ in joint ventures or MA activity with additional players and/or search for capital injections from firms of private equity (MA International Inc, 2012). It is easier to hoist additional capital when an organization of health care is big. Consequently, this can be a main driver of financial for countrywide and/or worldwide acquisitions and mergers. 4. Minimize ongoing losses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Several organizations of health care are beneath incredible pressure of losses. Merging into an additional profit making company will aid in minimize losses to a great extent. 5. Borrowing costs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" One of the techniques of capital raising is by means of issue of bonds. Research has revealed that bigger health care organizations profit from additional constructive bond ratings and lesser borrowing costs. (Dixon Hughes Goodman, 2013). This as well helps in sinking the on the whole cost of capital. 6. Increase in value of business North America In 2013, saw the maximum level of health care acquisition and merger activity followed by Asia and Europe. At the country level, the U.S. witnessed the most deal making followed by the UK and Germany. There were 544 deals totaling to a sum deal worth of $15.2 billion dollars . (MA International Inc, 2012). Mergers generate value. It is for all time believed that the worth of the merged institution is for all time superior than the total of the two individual institutions. This is further generally identified as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“synergy effect.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  7. Accounts Receivable and Inventory balance. These balances designate the quantum of capital locked in distribution. The lesser these balances are the enhanced they are for the organization. They specify the capability to exchange into cash rapidly as well identified as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“liquidityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Answer 2 The subsequent are several cr iteria to assess organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial performance, post merger: * Economies of scale à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" How a great deal has the company decreased its costs post merger? How has the corporation merged the widespread activities and furnished to a superior set of patients, thus taking benefit of economies of scale? * Working capital Reduction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" have accounts receivable, inventory, and other current assets been decreased to an optimal level? * Increase in revenue à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the mainly apparent assessment criteria is whether there is a major enlarge in revenue based on raise in volume. * Increase in merged organization valueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" is the merged organization value additional than what it was beforehand? Preferably in the post merger situation, 1+1 is supposed to be superior than 2. The additional value is due to synergy in operation! * cost of capital Reductionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" has the merged cost of capital decrea sed to an satisfactory level? Answer 3 Integration is extremely significant for a merger to be successful,. A merger is not anything however two diverse organizations merging into a new organization. It is the synthesis of two exclusive cultures, mindsets and horizons. Thus, changes in the structural, cultural and equipped dimensions are expected. * Cultural Differences: * Work ethics might as well diverge from one culture to another * Customs and practices are diverse in a variety of cultures * Operational Differences: * Reporting to new bosses * Changing the style of working to go with the requirements of the new seniors * Structural Differences: * Adopting new procedures * Adapting to the changed methods and policies * Changing from a environment labor-driven to a environment of technology-driven An organization has to surmount these divergences consecutively to construct an even transition throughout the process of the merger. The over diff erences have a direct relation to financial planning in the phase of post merger. A number of the examples of the outcome on process of financial planning are as below: * Changing from a labor-driven to environment of technology-driven calls for add to in the expenditure of capital. * There would be a vibrant transformation in the human resources. Turnover of Employee would be at its climax throughout the post merger phase. * Newer specialists /doctors would have to be employed. Consequently, all these issues have to be deemed while performing the process of financial planning in the post-merger phase. To have a thriving process of financial planning in position post-merger, there must be a integration of finance team which will participate a key function (Kurkurudza, 2012). The team activities will be as follows: * Define the construction of the sub-teams and their responsibilities * Appraise whether synergies as established at the due diligence time have been achieved * Re-evaluating resolutions if targeted synergies are not being attained * Suggesting changes to be made to the operating model to achieve the targeted savings after merger * Collaborating with the a variety of functions crosswise the entity like the IT, HR, Legal departments, etc. to make possible changes in the operating model Answer 4 A backbone of organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s is its financial process, which has a considerable influence on the organizational process as a whole. That effort for a given finance process will diverge very much by process of maturity and the industry. The varying processes during a merger, and philosophy from one organization require to be matched to the expertise level of the other. In addition, a financial process that is administered on an accessible platform will be a lesser expensive than implementing rather new. Every fresh initiative and/or fresh idea engrosses money. A good process of financial planning is n eeded to be in position for the subsequent reasons: * Finance is the mind and spirit of an organization * Employee turnover and retention is based on the compensation paid to them. It outlays a lot to employ professionals and to construct a first-class high quality knowledge base. * To continue with the technology of state of the art, finance is needed. * Conversely, the finance sources are limited * An efficient control and budgeting process should be in place Answer 5 Currently with an execution of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and its clearingreformsinfluencing business models, It is expected that 2015 to be a banner year for activity of acquisition and merger crosswise the health care industry. This momentum for health care providers will be floated by economic force to accept lesser reimbursement rates and as this pressure rises, margin density on single-site or incompetent operators will power partnering or divestiture strategies. Steady with the preceding few years, continuous rushing of deals concerning financially struggling providers seeking lifeline from advanced, healthier systems is expected to continue. As well to provider-to-provider deals, 2015 might perceive the drift of providers partnering or merging with payers carry on. The beginning of new legislation has paved the means not only for mergers but also for better patient care. The truth is that providers of healthcare are stirring to an approach of consumer-oriented for care. The model of consumer-oriented à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  expedient access à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  is actually a model of retail in terms of services placement (Roney, 2012). Research and Sources as provided over point out a potentially good financial performance by the industry of health care in the future provided health care organizations construct strategic mergers and efficient operational changes. References What hospital executives should be considering in hospital mergers and acquisitions. Dixo n Hughes Goodman (2013). 3 reasons why hospital mergers are advantageous. Ellis, J. and Razavi, A. (2012, February 8). Healthcare Finance News. Analytics and the future of healthcare. Horner, P and Basu, A. (2012, January 25). Analytics, January/February 2012. Putting the right people in place: Integrating finance after a merger. Kurkurudza, O. (2012, September 11). Hospitals and clinics MA outlook: Whatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the prognosis for deal making? MA International Inc. (2012). 3 Predictions for the future of U.S. healthcare: Retail models, population health service line acquisitions. Roney, K. (2012, April 13). Becknerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Hospital Review. 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The management of change at glaxosmithkline - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2020 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? GlaxoSmithKline is the earth major produce of pharmaceutical company. GlaxoSmithKline is among the globe pinnacle five companies of pharmaceutical and apex twenty FT international five hundreds companies in the earth. The company trendy his career in one hundred sixteen countries and it overcomes one hundred sixteen countries market place. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The management of change at glaxosmithkline" essay for you Create order Beecham opens the worlds first manufacturing make frivolously for manufacture medicines. Since at the time the crowd has transitory from side to side among stage, but the position where road brushwood off another term come during the join into whole of company. There was a most important impact on the relating to the art, and their planning of the company according to this combines into a whole. The company promotes his single society. They progress their approach of course. (Beecham, 2000) ISSUE OF CHANGE: The role of this change condition that has been select by artistic transform and placement union join of the RD department of the GlaxoSmithKline in 2000.The topic of change management of GlaxoSmithKline is reflect sincerely about the training of the company how to change and also build a group in arrange to makeup the gap between personal practice. According to the procedure of an institute the information is modify, and how the institute find, and form its numbers are the gladdest environment for the time that is still to come. in2001. The significance of behavior and the talent to change earnings, a extra prepositional concept that indicate in the floor column, because importance skill are after a shoot that is in use from relaxed of what is an society circumstances. The significance of change management in todays business surroundings is large. CHANGE SITUATION: The company was at danger not including change management from the extremely chase of pharmaceutical business. Thus with many government grant expiry due soon and the establish of original a smooth slowly roundabout column was a copy. The change management depends on the achievement of the use of existing part such as cells in commerce. The CEO of the company try to bring together the is an plan of life form large and small by separating the RD section into seven place of wonderful for medicine become alert of the position . The change can be separated as mean to do impressive change in life and give a complete report of something in words on the table. Inside change character of change Transformational change Adjust to a purpose Intend to do something changing in nature Version compulsory Transformational GLAXOSMITHKLINE STRATEGIC CHANGE SUTUATION In a way that correspond to separation of the RD, the change situation to the post-integration stage the company can also see as changing in environment is satisfied by the five vital type of transform of change that is given by CEO. The culture change is prevalent the department and, change acting grate roles of special group. In enriching change the management character was create a situation quite than just respond to it. The outside situation in which the company drives of the time of m union can also explain by the PESTEL study. (Emerald, 2004) (Handy, 1994) PESTEL examination: Expedient This is a element of a put to take out a study into a subject into the same example of one object with strength of global traffic by planet traffic group in China. In the 2005 the end of China public and some of the outstanding incomplete number of the low being extend amongst a great locale on poles parts into which something is separated. The course has conveniences of globalization for moral medicine manufacturer like GlaxoSmithKline. (Treasury, 2005) Inexpensive In 2004 the company has expected in universal pharmaceutical market raise  £275 billion, six percent of yearly sales over the subsequent five years in 2005. The significance of fitness of the company is an the control to involve someones achievement on the degree of things is not set by rules of selling and how is so much pay out money to buy on the detail of being essential purchase. This increase has assisted by small of detail that public who want to job cannot get them rise and go down the consciousness charge for much of the stage. The mention table that has been ready with the assist of information which in utilize from ONS. (Treasury, 2005) Year PDI Consumer expenditure Savings ratio Interest 2004 752 607 6% 4% 2002 703 649 5.3% 4% 2001 717 720 6.9% 4.9% 2003 721 664 5.5% 3.7% 2006 801 742 6.9% 4.5% In the table shows that the present sequence happening in the early on 1999; pointed in 2001 of UK industry and then saying its buck position in 2003. It can also be seeing from the phase chart that provide below the long term management financial policy. This is significance reports for the complete production UK as these cycles have less get in touch with on them at the present then facing. (Treasury, 2005) The fitness of nation is a consequence control on the large effects and how a large amount is used up on essential purchase. The trend in private throwaway returns has seen sturdy get higher of 14% in the time of 2002-2005. This expansion has been assist by short increase and attention charges so many cataracts behind of the stage. (Herald, 2005) Community: Nationalized Healthiness company has projected that healthcare pay out development will hang back exactly even plow up 2014, 7% increasing speed at all time. The progress of the chart in the healthcare can as well spend can for accurate drug company like to GlaxoSmithKline corporation. The people age 65 and have more than consisting of three thing of element. The UK study age have guess that by 2030, in one each 5 UK in style which age as 65 or more. (Herald, 2005) Technical: It is a subject that is operating in the built-up of copied sheet that are used in medical document. Important drive operating expenses are powerful the sentence of cover gear. Complex business crossways the ground has been muscle to move up the arraign of the company. (Treasury, 2005) Environmental: There has been a budding distress on the problem of mammal tough for the research-based pharmaceuticals. The company is utilizing nature to test new molecules and their feedback before set up them into investigational trial for human. The heaviness from the mammal correct activist has improved in the last combine of months on the companionship. (Herald, 2005) THE PROCESS OF CHANGE: The company is use European establishment for excellence Management reproduction to find out its concert in 2003. The progression has been use by the company to remoteness connecting their performances in some of change management. The change procedure has a cause on guidance, citizens, capital and development, which will also, depends on the outcome of customers and. management approach second-hand in each CEDD and the whole guidance manner during this change has been below weight so the management style should be wanted to be tainted from oppressive and independent job and people a situation impressive else. I have also brought or come to an end from the compress article about the change that scientists supposed that the subdivision was have authority in background. But as the division was separated into a instantly column makeup with dissimilar collection speak each extra the consequential background was a fraction that is alienated from the complete of vocation to be done civil ization. Scientists operational at the RD growth have report that these combination were limit army in they occupation as had financial statement standard during the pre-merger, period. Following the public report their enthusiasm level is very reduced for the change into cede in 2003. (Simmons,2003) THE PROCESS OF CULTURAL CHANGE: The progression of cultural changes of GlaxoSmithKline RD branch has emergency strategy. But what precisely does management occupation on to change a departments civilization. The potential give community meaning that it is tremendously immense in amount in a union; the easier said than done part is deciding which become involved in a situation in order to control are liable to have the most crash. The company has adopt a four step move towards the beginning of cultural change. This change process has been slightly modified from the power field study is proposed by to fit the change situation of this company. (Atkinson, 2005) THE DEMANDS FOR CHANGE: The demand of change is necessary for the change program. In categorize to take the idea of cultural change at the company a sense of importance was shaped to divide the RD subdivision into 7 organizations. Without RD department, the initiative gives the impression of being to go down below the liquid and other decided the order of importance of a number of tasks take the state of something before others in order and companies behavior does not change. The organizations have faced major problem in their operating environment, such a new participate enter in to the market. For example, in utilities, air and banking journey has been a main driver of change in many organizations global. The problems create a sense of urgency a stakeholder drawing a exacting area was done by the organization. The organization defined the middle and which are not very important behavior stakeholders for this change and group them together to create a new development for every group. In case of suc cessfully the change of the company helped by group. Some stakeholders for the modify can be tired on the following table: GlaxoSmithKline: Distributors Regulators Pressure groups ScientistÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦Core Stockholders ShareholdersÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦Core Stockholders Doctors Patients GlaxoSmithKline RD CHANGE MAJORS STOCKHOLDERS. The table shows that scientists and shareholders to be the central important part of something stakeholders in this change. (Atkinson, 2004,2005) CONSTRAINTS: The change from character of something of the RD department from a one unit towards seven smaller, independent power of the organization. In order to keep the group focused on the task, the balance between several different influences group, task and individual needs should be provide that is use for the first time in to bring something. Thy can also do it by having a relating Leadership style within each organization. Therefore the leadership style is a best set of clothes made of the fabric to succeed in dealing with a problem this constraint is able to bend easily without breaking. (Handy, 1993) EVALUATION: The content, context and process of the change management in the RD sector of the group during the post addition period of its combination can be evaluated by analyze the helpfulness, good organization and Economy of this change. The presentation of the RD section can be gauge by a relative examination of the company operation good organization. The statement of the then appointed CEO announced the basic role of the sharing out of RD section into Cedes was to increase the rate at which goods are produced of the subdivision as the organization had an empty a large pipe which is used for carrying oil at the time of merger. According to Data monitor the RD at the company is a statement of what is expected to happen in the future to make less than 5% of the total returns in 2007, weight the reduced economy of the change under contemplation. The organization spends  £ 2.1 billion in the change in the RD subdivision in years 2004. The companys spending on RD department increased by 3.8% in 2004. (Pettigrew, 1985) CONCLUSION: The process chose an option by GlaxoSmithKline under the light of outside market changes during a place where someone is on duty of two organizations into one combination of the organization can be seen as a good perform in the change management. The organization can also be seen as one of the best practice to be used for benchmarking in the business because the cultural is a particular appearance were a pattern of sports on it and describe something with during the change. The discussion make something available for someone to use with the help of closely connected theories the change management at the company of division of RD department into give up power can be used as benchmark. The organization can also be seen as one of the fines perform for others in and be successful in dealing with a problem the industry. (Robert AJanes, 2000)

Marks Spencer Natural Environment Free Essays

1.0 Executive Summary Marketing environment is very important for any given organisation as it relates to the macro environment, the microenvironment as well as the internal environment. The above sub types of environment are very important in the performance of any given organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Marks Spencer Natural Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marks and Spencer is affected by the three sub types of environment. The microenvironment at Marks and Spencer involves suppliers, consumers as well as customers, who deal directly with the organisation and impact on the performance of the organisation. The microenvironment will be discussed in length in this report with an aim of demonstrating how the natural environment operates. The macro environment as it relates to Marks and Spencer refers to the factors that influence the company’s performance but are out of control of the company. This touches on the legal aspects such as laws on environmental issues that impact on the operations of Marks and Spencer. Finally, the report incorporates internal environment issues, which basically involve; men, money, machinery, materials as well as markets. The above are discussed with an aim of demonstrating how they interrelate to cause positive change in Marks and Spencer. 2.0 Overview of the natural environment (Marks Spencer) In a bid to address possible threats and challenges in regard to the natural environment of the organisation, Marks and Spencer has several plans in place as part of its strategic repositioning for future business scenarios. Plan A program at Marks and Spencer constitutes of a five-year, 100-point plan to tackle some of the biggest challenges facing the organisation in relation to the political, economic, social, and technological environment. The plan is designed to facilitate a smooth working relationship between the customers and the suppliers to; combat climate change, through initiation of programs, which embrace safe environmental practices bearing in mind that the company gets its raw materials from the environment and it has a corporate duty and responsibility to conserve the environment. This calls for the company to embrace modern business practices, which are environment friendly such as the use of fuels, which cause little or no pollution to the environment. 3) Identify TWO areas of the natural environment likely to impact on Marks and Spencer in the medium term Marks and Spencer has embarked on initiatives to reduce wastage by realigning its production roles with emerging technologies, which ensure that there is little or no wastage of raw materials considering the fact that the rate of harvesting of raw materials from the natural environment is far much higher compared to the rate at which the natural environment is rejuvenating. By embracing wastage control methods such as recycling, Marks and Spencer is promoting a symbiotic relationship between the organisation and the local communities, who are affected by the actions of the company on the environment. The company is committed to safeguarding natural resources by putting in place several initiatives such as community-based environmental programs, which are aimed at enlightening the local community on the importance of preserving nature. In addition, the initiatives geared towards safeguarding nature have targeted all stakeholders including the employees because it is viewed that if every stakeholder understands and appreciates the individual role in safeguarding the environment, this would be beneficial not only for the sustainability of the organisation but also for the benefit of all. Trading ethically constitutes an important function in Marks and Spencer. This is important due to the fact that ethical practices are aimed at protecting the given organisation from harming any of its stakeholders. Marks and Spencer has a code of conduct as well as corporate responsibility policies, which guide the organisation in relation to its duties to the stakeholders. Marks and Spencer is committed to building a healthier nation by ensuring that it fulfils its social, political, legal, and environmental obligations to its stakeholders. As a retailer, they use a huge range of raw materials to produce our goods. Because of this, it is critical that the organisation manages the use of these materials sensitively and pays proper regard to how they affect natural habitats and bio-diversity. But making a difference here is not as simple as they would like. Change process in an organisation is a demanding and challenging process. It requires new types of standards to be set and adhered to across the world. As some materials – such as cotton and palm oil – are traded globally, the ability to affect change may at times be modest. There is a need for the organisation to work closely with suppliers, government bodies, environmental groups and local communities to promote sustainability. 4.1 Description of the marketing strategy the organisation currently employs to accommodate the key features of the natural environment. The Marketing strategy would become the parameter for a company to be a successful company. Although environmental issues influence all human activities, few academic disciplines have integrated green issues into their literature. This is especially true of marketing. As society becomes more concerned with the natural environment, businesses have begun to modify their behaviour in an attempt to address society’s â€Å"new† concerns. Marks and Spencer have been quick to accept concepts like environmental management systems and waste minimization, and have integrated environmental issues into all organizational activities. Some evidence of this is the development of journals such as â€Å"Business Strategy and the Environment† and â€Å"Greener Management International,† which are specifically designed to disseminate research relating to business’ environmental behaviour. Marks and Spencer uses a green marketing strategy for purposes of promotion of products with environmental characteristics so as to promote environmentally friendly behaviour amongst consumers. For Marks and Spencer the green marketing strategy applies to consumer goods in that the company promotes the concept of eco-tourism. The company has engaged in plans, which has seen product modification geared towards producing more environmentally friendly systems especially in the area of product packaging. Marks and Spencer has invested in production facilities, which significantly reduce wastage as well as preserving energy. In the same manner, the company has adapted ethical advertising policies, which aim at ensuring that every advertisement is considerate of environmental implications in terms of the decisions that consumers make. To this end, the company has participated in several forums and especially those organized by American Marketing Association (AMA) where is has shown support to consumer goods advocating for sustainable environment practices. 4.2 Explanation as to why the above strategies are likely to be of the greatest future significance to the organisation. Social Responsibility How a company is viewed by the public goes a long way in determining its future performance in relation to consumers. The strategies Marks and Spencer has adopted in a bid to promote natural environment can be seen as efforts geared towards good corporate social responsibility. Many firms are beginning to realize that they are members of the wider community and therefore must behave in an environmentally responsible manner by putting in place corporate social responsibility policies. Hence the reason why Marks and Spencer allocates huge budgets for its natural environment conservation efforts. This results in environmental issues being integrated into the firm’s corporate culture. Firms in this situation can take two perspectives; 1) they can use the fact that they are environmentally responsible as a marketing tool; or 2) they can become responsible without promoting this fact. For the case of Marks and Spencer, the company has promoted the first perspective of promoting environmentally responsible practices. The strategies the company has adopted in as far as acting responsibly in relation to the environment have taken marketing related dimension. Despite pressure from the government through legislations aimed at protecting the consumers and the society at large, the impact has been felt at Marks and Spencer. Governmental regulations relating to environmental marketing and designed to protect consumers have in one way or the other contributed to Marks and Spencer’s decision to realign its production systems towards achieving less wastage, use of ethical advertisements, as well as engaging in raising the level of awareness on environmental issues is an indication that Marks and Spencer is reposition itself for future implications of government policies on environment. Specifically, Marks and Spencer has adapted two concepts of food miles and field to fork in a bid to respond to emerging situations. â€Å"Food miles† is a relatively new idea in the debate about sustainability. Typically it is taken to mean the distance travelled to move food from the place it is produced to the store where it’s bought. But increasingly the definition goes wider, to include issues like locality, freshness, use of preservatives, packaging, choice, support for UK farmers and quality. Many environmental groups attach particular importance to food being produced close to where it is sold. Field-to-fork In 2003, Marks and Spencer launched a new over-arching set of standards to cover the management of the supply chain for fruit, vegetables and salads. These were drawn up after consultation with suppliers, government bodies and other organisations and covers aspects of production from â€Å"field-to-fork†. The company has commissioned independent research to look at similar systems around the world. As a result, they believe our Field-to-Fork scheme goes beyond the British and European assurance schemes used by other retailers, being the first to include such a wide range of requirements. Their standards cover traceability, minimising pesticide use, ethical trading, support for non-GM foods and food safety. 5.0 Recommendations for changes to the internal operations of the organisation to best meet their potential impact. Although Marks and Spencer has done a recommendable job in terms of promoting the natural environment, there is still room for improvement. The organisation particularly needs to work on its internal environment by; initiating more training programs for its human resources geared towards environment related issues. Secondly, the organisation needs to increase its budget allocated to environment conservation efforts. In addition, the organisation needs to invest in modern production technologies to further reduce wastage. There is also a need for the company to find lasting solutions to the management of materials especially in regard to conservation of its sources of raw materials. Finally, Marks and Spencer must look further from its traditional markets and diversify its brands to cover new markets as a potential source of increasing sales revenues, which will avail more money to be used in promoting the natural environment. The above can only be achieved by the organisation utilizing modern business analytical tools such as SWOT analysis, PEST analysis as well as Michael Porters Fiver Forces analysis so as to arrive at informed decisions, which are also sustainable. References http://www.theage.com.au/ Accessed on 20/05/2007. How to cite Marks Spencer Natural Environment, Essay examples

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Group Assessment: One Written Essay (50%) The work will normally be done in pairs. The work will include the analysis of an existing situation, the application of analysis techniques (introduced in lectures and developed in tutorials) and the presentation of conclusions using similarly-acquired techniques. It is intended to promote and assess practical research skills. Read the case study (Page 6 onwards) and answer the following questions: 1. Using an appropriate model, analyse the ways in which Universal has provided a superior level of service to its customers. (30 marks) 2. Using the information provided in the case scenario, strategically evaluate the performance of the company up to 2004, indicating any areas of particular concern. (30 marks) 3. Matthew Black is well aware that the achievement of the growth targets for the 2005 to 2007 period will depend on successful implementation of the strategy, affecting all parts of the company’s activities. Explain in detail the key issues affecting implementation and the changes necessary to achieve Universal’s ambitious growth strategy. (20 marks) 4. What criteria would you use to assess whether Universal is an ‘excellent’ company? (20 marks) Assessment Requirements: A written report of approximately 2,500 words that synthesises and critically evaluates management and planning issues from the case study. State the number of words used at the end of the assignment. You may include diagrams, figures, appendices etc. without word penalty. A sliding scale of penalties for excess length will be imposed. The penalties will be as follows: Up to 10% excess words:no penalty 11-20% excess words:- 5% penalty 21-30% excess words:-10% penalty 31% plus excess words: cannot achieve more than a pass grade (50%). Guidelines: A written report must be compiled in a suitable format that must incorporate the following: †¢ A clear and concise outline of the practical management and planning issues; †¢ Generation of conclusions that draw upon both theoretical and practical aspects; †¢ Use of appropriate terminology that will indicate a thorough understanding of management concepts; †¢ Suitable referencing of he materials used to support arguments put forward that will indicate competence in the academic issues discussed; †¢ Evidence to suggest a more in-depth understanding of the planning concepts being reviewed and their practical applications; †¢ Written content and structure that will demonstrate practical benefits being derived from the module, reading lists and rese arch required for the assignment; †¢ A wide range of sources used and cited (a minimum of 5 and not before 1999). †¢ Full referencing of material and sources cited that incorporate the Harvard Referencing System. Mark Distribution for assignment The mark allocation for the assignment will be as follows: ? 30 % of the mark will be allocated for familiarity with subject/material and evidence of original thinking. ? 30% of the marks will be allocated for Quality of argument/reasoning; the depth of analysis; expansion of ideas/argument and recognition of wider context/complexity of topic ? 10 % of the marks will be allocated for the relevance of answer to task set; the accuracy of details; consistency of focus and the organisation of ideas. ? 10% will be allocated for the ease of comprehension; appropriateness of language; fluency of style and the use of punctuation, grammar, etc. 10% will be allocated for the presentation format; word count and length ? 10% will be allocated for the use of supporting evidence; acknowledgement of sources: references, quotes, statistics and range and relevance of bibliography Assessment Guidelines Grading Criteria: The criteria below detail the areas which will be taken into account when the assi gnment is marked. 1. Pass assignments are expected to be legible, tidy, well organised and written in clear understandable English. The report should include an executive summary or abstract at the beginning and end with clear conclusions and recommendations. If you have any problems with report formats please do not hesitate to contact the module tutor. 2. High grades [70%, 75%, +80%] need to demonstrate sustained coherent analytical ability. A systematic approach to analysis and evaluation is required for grades 60% to 70% for grades at the higher end of the scale, integration and synthesis is a requirement. The quality of the arguments used to develop and support prescriptions/recommendations are, the essential test of integration. 3. Evidence of reading and some understanding of models and concepts is needed to achieve a pass grade [40%]. Integration of theory and practice is expected for any grade above 50%. 4. You are expected to clearly state any assumptions you make, and support statements and theories by referencing to appropriate sources. [This is essential for higher grades but does not necessarily prejudice a pass mark [40%] if it is missing]. CASE STUDY: Universal Roofing Systems Introduction Universal Roofing Systems is a family owned and managed business specialising in the design, assembly and installation of low maintenance PVC roofing products for domestic housing. These products include PVC fascia boards and rainwater drainage systems. Set up in 1995 by two brothers, Matthew and Simon Black, the firm has grown year on year, achieving almost ? 1 million sales by the year 2001. Universal’s products, or rather services, are primarily for private house owners, though a significant amount of sales are coming from commercial house owners, mainly local government authorities and housing associations, providing cheaper housing for rent. Universal have recently received central government recognition and an award for their contribution to providing employment in deprived inner city areas. In 2002 and 2003, they were the fastest growing inner city firm in their region. Origins and competitive environment Matthew and Simon’s decision to go into business owed a considerable amount to the experience and skills they had gained working in their father’s local cabinet and carpentry business. At their father’s insistence, both were skilled cabinet-makers and shared his commitment to quality workmanship and installation. Their decision to start a business using PVC materials as opposed to wood came as an unwelcome shock to their father. However, the opportunity to install PVC roofing boards on the house of a commercial contact provided the stimulus for them to go into business on their own account. In the UK there are some 25 million houses, of which 17 million are privately owned and 8 million rented. New housing is now usually built with PVC doors and windows installed, so it is the replacement market of rotten wooden doors and windows in existing houses that the manufacturers and installers of PVC windows and doors focus on. PVC offers some significant advantages to the owner/occupier – it is virtually maintenance free and improves the appearance of the house. Consequently, there is a high demand for PVC replacement doors and windows, estimated at ? 1 ·5 billion in the year 2000. This has attracted some large-scale manufacturers and installers. They compete aggressively for market share and use equally aggressive direct sales and promotion techniques to attract house owners to their product. Although the market for PVC windows and doors is reasonably mature, there has been no significant movement of large companies into the installation of roofing products. Their complex design and location at the top of a house mean that these products are much more complex and difficult to install. Economies of scale are harder to achieve and, as a consequence, the installation of PVC roofing systems is largely in the hands of small businesses able to charge high prices and frequently giving a poor quality service to the house owner. In a market with potential sales of ? 50 million a year, no firm accounts for more than 3%. It was against this fragmented, but significant market that Universal wanted to offer something distinctively different. Operational processes Matthew and Simon looked at the whole process of delivering a quality service in replacement PVC roofing systems. The experience of the PVC door and window installers showed the long-term rates of growth possible through acti vely promoting and selling the service. Supplies of PVC board and fittings were reasonably easy to obtain from the small number of large UK companies extruding PVC boards in large volumes. However, the unequal bargaining power meant that these suppliers dominated and were difficult to involve in any product development. Sales were generated by door-to-door canvassing, followed by a visit from a company sales representative who tried to complete the sale. Advertising in the press, radio and TV now supported this sales activity. In the early days the opportunity was taken to sell the service at Saturday markets and, being so small, Universal could often pleasantly surprise the house owner by offering virtually immediate installation.