GASTRO ESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

GASTRO ESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE - Essay Example GERD is a hazard factor for Barrett’s esophageal (BE), which likewise inclines patients to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Patients determined to have GERD require proton siphon inhibitors treatment as an instrument to forestall the event of BE and EAC. This paper is an examination of the current investigations on GERD and a survey of a contextual analysis for a kid experiencing GERD. Contextual investigation The contextual investigation is of a multi year old kid who experienced migraines and neck torment. The youngster had begun grumbling of the agony four years before the mother counseled a chiropractic specialist. The kid had created torment subsequent to riding in a â€Å"dodge ‘em† vehicle. A crisis stop exacerbated the torment, which constrained the mother to look for clinical help. The seriousness of the neck torment had diminished before counsel, however the power of cerebral pains had stayed consistent. Different indications included episodes of tipsine ss and queasiness brought about by neck pivot, overwhelming sickness in the first part of the day, and extreme neck agony and heaving after suppers. The youngster likewise experienced stomach torment over the stomach, repeating bronchitis and headache because of the family ancestry. The specialist played out a physical assessment that indicated typical development and improvement. Neurological, stomach, cardiovascular, and respiratory assessments didn't display unusual discoveries. Limitations on segmental movement on upper cervical spine and sacral brokenness were seen after a chiropractic spinal assessment. The specialist likewise watched Shimizu reflex on the upper right hand side showing an upper cervical issue (Jonasson, and Knaap, 2006). Utilizing the above data, the specialist made a conclusion of cervicogenic migraine and stomach torment. The specialist accepted the torment had a somatovisceral beginning. The analyzed issue was accepted to be because of upper cervical comple x subluxation and milk sensitivity. The specialist proposed treatment including a mix of chiropractic control of upper cervical mind boggling and cranial treatment. This prompted a brief decrease in migraines and unaltered stomach torment. The mother looked for another feeling from a kids specialist after seven medicines. The subsequent interview uncovered standard colic, consistent reflux, and intermittent spewing forth of undigested food. These indications disturbed when the kid accepted a supine stance. Stomach torment on the stomach and lower chest caused the specialist to modify the underlying analysis to GERD. The patient was alluded to his general professional for GERD treatment and follow-up contacts uncovered that the condition had improved hugely (Jonasson, and Knaap, 2006). Flow Research History of the infection The predominance of the illness has expanded worldwide because of rising stoutness and meds that influence LES capacities. Studies have demonstrated that around 3 3% of the US populace gripe of GERD side effects month to month (Narmeen and Woodward, 2013). Ladies have a higher pace of encountering GERD side effects than men. Western nations have a high commonness going from 38 percent in Northern Europe to 9 percent in Italy. Every year, more than 100 million proton siphon inhibitors are recommended to GERD patients in the western world. The high commonness in western nations can be ascribed to way of life, which is a significant inclining factor. The condition is an inclining factor for esophageal malignant growth, which influences around 400, 000 individuals around the world (Vats et al, 2006). Patients experience loss of craving and harms to the lungs, throat, and ears because of abundance

Why Smart Companies Do Dumb Things Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why Smart Companies Do Dumb Things - Essay Example The longing to remain in front of Pepsi and to have the option to meet the flavor of what Pepsi produces made the system of New Coke convincing to the officials of Coca Cola. In the mid 80’s coke lost its piece of the overall industry to its opponent Pepsi by two offer focuses which spoke to about $960million deals of Coke creation. Coke genuine promoting issue was its ad and not its item. With an adjustment in the soda pop buyer advertise, coke couldn't coordinate with the point of view with its ads promotions. Coca Cola had lost age of youngsters with its tasteless publicizing style. Coke promoting had a tedious look and feel in contrast with Pepsi. Coke didn't have any important explanation for the adolescent in the 80’s. It was being situated as a drink favored by senior residents in contrast with Pepsi promotions which focused the young people. Therefore the organization didn't give any consideration in improving the promoting somewhat centered around the item as showcasing issue. Coke promoting system was done coordinating with the young culture. Coke had investigated each number and projection before the dispatch of its New Coke and the figures were exact however it mis-leaded the organization as it permitted the organization to pursue an inappropriate issue. The issue was in commercial technique the officials believed it to be the item. The official of Coke became overly energetic with delicate and crazy numbers. It disregarded the issue that affected the nature of the numbers, for example, look into plan, issue definition, how to pose inquiries and the diagnostic aptitudes which assisted with interpretting the significance of the numbers. Numbers have consistently been acknowledged happily thus did New Coke before its dispatch. New Coke promoting research needed legitimacy as it didn't impart to its purchaser that its lead image would be supplanted with new better item and its exploration was one dimensional. It was based distinctly in taste testing which occurred at focal areas and was

Words of Wisdom from 1st Year student Alex Frias MPA 21 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Words of Wisdom from 1st Year student Alex Frias MPA 21 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Hi! I’m Alex Frías, from sunny Mazatlan, Mexico. I am a 22 year-old first year IFEP student at SIPA. Before starting this adventure at Columbia, I was doing my BA at McGill University, getting involved with the Mexican diplomatic mission in Montreal as well as the Mexican community in Canada. I came to SIPA because I am really interested (and optimistic) about US-Mexico-Canada cooperation on trade, investment, migration, and environmental issues.   Something random about me is that I’m super passionate about Russian literature and astrophysics!   Describe a week at SIPA for you. I arranged my schedule in such a way that I would have some days off to focus on my professional development, which is a big part of one’s journey at SIPA. Monday I only have Microeconomics with Prof. Gerratana (amazing person and an even better professor!). I usually stay at SIPA for a few hours, working on assignments and catching up with friends on the 4th floor. Since it is a fairly calm day, I like making myself a nice dinner, watch the news and get ready for a busier Tuesday. Tuesday A busier day for me. I have Quant in the morning, followed by a “break” that I always dedicate to catch up with the news back home (Mexico and Canada). After that I have my Politics of Policymaking (POP) class with Prof. Sabatini, which is just a great time to discuss politics happening throughout the world. Wednesday The busiest day! Micro in the morning, then 3 hours of accounting with Prof. Bartczak, followed by POP recitation. I am usually exhausted after all my classes so, to keep myself sane, I normally watch a show and try to rest as much as I can Thursday through Sunday I focus on learning new skills online, reaching out to alumni, looking at internship opportunities, but also go out to talks, gatherings with my peers or even chill at the Columbia Club to meet new people. After all, socializing is a big part of professional development here at SIPA. How do you find the curriculum? Is there a steep learning curve at SIPA? I think it really depends on your background. Coming straight from undergraduate gave me the benefit that it didn’t take long for me to get used to the academic pace. But even then, professors are always there for you and will proactively reach out if they feel you are struggling. Regarding the curriculum, not even after all my research when applying here did I realize how you can shape your degree. It is absolutely safe to say that two MPAs or two MIAs at SIPA can have very little in common because of how you can tailor your program to exactly your needs. In my case, I am tailoring my MPA to be very similar to an MBA but with a strong policymaking perspective, given the role that government policy plays in the markets and business world.   Whats your favorite thing about SIPA? The people, by far. A friend said during orientation, “I don’t know what kind of algorithm admissions uses, but they nail it with the kind of people they pick!” Everyone is very open-minded, down to earth, and from so many different backgrounds that it’s impossible to find someone at SIPA who does not have an interesting story to tell. Oh, and it’s also very cool to be waiting in the same line for coffee with a Nobel laureate (Professor Stiglitz). Whats something you want to change about SIPA? Sometimes we forget SIPA is part of a wider Columbia. It’s very easy to stay in the SIPA bubble, with such amazing talks happening there so often and the proximity with your classmates that the International Affairs Building fosters. I really force myself to spend my time elsewhere other than SIPA, and explore the many libraries and amazing activities that Columbia and Barnard have to offer.   What would you tell yourself about applying knowing what you know about SIPA now?   Don’t be shy, get involved and interact with SIPA people! Students, alumni, professors, and people from Admissions: We. Don’t. Bite. Oh and also, for international students: housing in NYC is crazy. Don’t be like me. Think about coming a few weeks in advance to find a place to live. What advice do you have for applicants?   Don’t get discouraged because of grades, GRE scores, or job experience. People at SIPA understand each of those only tell a very limited part of your story. Trust me when I say this: there is no one way to get into graduate shool. As cliché as it sounds, don’t let your “weaknesses” bring you down; rather, share with Admissions what your attributes are and how you can put them into action at SIPA.   Best of luck and I hope to see you around the halls of SIPA next year!

Post Merger Analysis - Assignment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1700 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Post Merger Analysis Answer 1 The health care industry future is governed by numerous doubts as it is feeling the temperature of both economic and regulatory fronts. The industry of health care is one of the regulated industries in the USA and organizations are needed to conform to a numeral of state and federal laws and regulations. These regulations In turn, have increased costs of health care to untenable levels (Horner and Basu, 2012). The health care industry from an economic standpoint has been facing profound cuts with a decrease in revenue of per-patient that pretense an enormous risk to the industry. There has been also rise in the pressures of regulatory in expressions of pricing and developments fronts. The huge players in the market habitually have superior admittance to additional resources that let them to battle the unconstructive forces to a definite extent. On the other hand, minor health care entities might locate it hard to battle in oppos ition to these situations and consequently consolidation in the industry is perceived as one of the means for endurance. Several providers of health care service are taking on acquisitions and mergers consecutively to advance patient care, operational effectiveness, and lesser their costs. Several of the motives at the back consolidation in the industry are: 1) drawing on a partnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s exclusive managerial or clinical strengths, 2) seeking out economies of scale, 3) advanced access to capita 4) gaining strength of geographic to improved serve community and patient needs, l and 5) enhanced influence in payer negotiations. There are several financial drivers to glance for in a merger. Several are direct and several are indirect as conferred below: 1. Increase in expenses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" An innovative technology is initiated every day in the health care field. New diseases direct to fresh areas of expertise. Technology of State of the art and a modernized pool o f expertise/ knowledge are needed for organizations of health care to endure among stiff competition. It raises expenses with no major raise in income. A merger will aid in pooling technology and expertise to decrease costs. Mergers assist in taking the benefit of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Economies of Scale.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  2.. Higher Patient Volumes at lesser Rates of Reimbursement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Insurance premium rates with the preface of the ACA (Affordable Care Act),will be reduced to a large extent. Even though this law will aid in building health insurance reasonably priced to uninsured Americans, it will take a big bite out of the health care industry revenue. Minor organizations will not be capable to endure in such a circumstance. A merger will aid in doubling-up the level (as base of customer will increase), thus recompensing for the decline in for each patient revenue. 3. Capital infusion A huge sum of capital is needed to advance the health care infrastructure in budding nations. Players of Healthcare in these nations are consequently additional expected to employ in joint ventures or MA activity with additional players and/or search for capital injections from firms of private equity (MA International Inc, 2012). It is easier to hoist additional capital when an organization of health care is big. Consequently, this can be a main driver of financial for countrywide and/or worldwide acquisitions and mergers. 4. Minimize ongoing losses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Several organizations of health care are beneath incredible pressure of losses. Merging into an additional profit making company will aid in minimize losses to a great extent. 5. Borrowing costs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" One of the techniques of capital raising is by means of issue of bonds. Research has revealed that bigger health care organizations profit from additional constructive bond ratings and lesser borrowing costs. (Dixon Hughes Goodman, 2013). This as well helps in sinking the on the whole cost of capital. 6. Increase in value of business North America In 2013, saw the maximum level of health care acquisition and merger activity followed by Asia and Europe. At the country level, the U.S. witnessed the most deal making followed by the UK and Germany. There were 544 deals totaling to a sum deal worth of $15.2 billion dollars . (MA International Inc, 2012). Mergers generate value. It is for all time believed that the worth of the merged institution is for all time superior than the total of the two individual institutions. This is further generally identified as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“synergy effect.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  7. Accounts Receivable and Inventory balance. These balances designate the quantum of capital locked in distribution. The lesser these balances are the enhanced they are for the organization. They specify the capability to exchange into cash rapidly as well identified as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“liquidityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Answer 2 The subsequent are several cr iteria to assess organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial performance, post merger: * Economies of scale à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" How a great deal has the company decreased its costs post merger? How has the corporation merged the widespread activities and furnished to a superior set of patients, thus taking benefit of economies of scale? * Working capital Reduction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" have accounts receivable, inventory, and other current assets been decreased to an optimal level? * Increase in revenue à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the mainly apparent assessment criteria is whether there is a major enlarge in revenue based on raise in volume. * Increase in merged organization valueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" is the merged organization value additional than what it was beforehand? Preferably in the post merger situation, 1+1 is supposed to be superior than 2. The additional value is due to synergy in operation! * cost of capital Reductionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" has the merged cost of capital decrea sed to an satisfactory level? Answer 3 Integration is extremely significant for a merger to be successful,. A merger is not anything however two diverse organizations merging into a new organization. It is the synthesis of two exclusive cultures, mindsets and horizons. Thus, changes in the structural, cultural and equipped dimensions are expected. * Cultural Differences: * Work ethics might as well diverge from one culture to another * Customs and practices are diverse in a variety of cultures * Operational Differences: * Reporting to new bosses * Changing the style of working to go with the requirements of the new seniors * Structural Differences: * Adopting new procedures * Adapting to the changed methods and policies * Changing from a environment labor-driven to a environment of technology-driven An organization has to surmount these divergences consecutively to construct an even transition throughout the process of the merger. The over diff erences have a direct relation to financial planning in the phase of post merger. A number of the examples of the outcome on process of financial planning are as below: * Changing from a labor-driven to environment of technology-driven calls for add to in the expenditure of capital. * There would be a vibrant transformation in the human resources. Turnover of Employee would be at its climax throughout the post merger phase. * Newer specialists /doctors would have to be employed. Consequently, all these issues have to be deemed while performing the process of financial planning in the post-merger phase. To have a thriving process of financial planning in position post-merger, there must be a integration of finance team which will participate a key function (Kurkurudza, 2012). The team activities will be as follows: * Define the construction of the sub-teams and their responsibilities * Appraise whether synergies as established at the due diligence time have been achieved * Re-evaluating resolutions if targeted synergies are not being attained * Suggesting changes to be made to the operating model to achieve the targeted savings after merger * Collaborating with the a variety of functions crosswise the entity like the IT, HR, Legal departments, etc. to make possible changes in the operating model Answer 4 A backbone of organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s is its financial process, which has a considerable influence on the organizational process as a whole. That effort for a given finance process will diverge very much by process of maturity and the industry. The varying processes during a merger, and philosophy from one organization require to be matched to the expertise level of the other. In addition, a financial process that is administered on an accessible platform will be a lesser expensive than implementing rather new. Every fresh initiative and/or fresh idea engrosses money. A good process of financial planning is n eeded to be in position for the subsequent reasons: * Finance is the mind and spirit of an organization * Employee turnover and retention is based on the compensation paid to them. It outlays a lot to employ professionals and to construct a first-class high quality knowledge base. * To continue with the technology of state of the art, finance is needed. * Conversely, the finance sources are limited * An efficient control and budgeting process should be in place Answer 5 Currently with an execution of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and its clearingreformsinfluencing business models, It is expected that 2015 to be a banner year for activity of acquisition and merger crosswise the health care industry. This momentum for health care providers will be floated by economic force to accept lesser reimbursement rates and as this pressure rises, margin density on single-site or incompetent operators will power partnering or divestiture strategies. Steady with the preceding few years, continuous rushing of deals concerning financially struggling providers seeking lifeline from advanced, healthier systems is expected to continue. As well to provider-to-provider deals, 2015 might perceive the drift of providers partnering or merging with payers carry on. The beginning of new legislation has paved the means not only for mergers but also for better patient care. The truth is that providers of healthcare are stirring to an approach of consumer-oriented for care. The model of consumer-oriented à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  expedient access à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  is actually a model of retail in terms of services placement (Roney, 2012). Research and Sources as provided over point out a potentially good financial performance by the industry of health care in the future provided health care organizations construct strategic mergers and efficient operational changes. References What hospital executives should be considering in hospital mergers and acquisitions. Dixo n Hughes Goodman (2013). 3 reasons why hospital mergers are advantageous. Ellis, J. and Razavi, A. (2012, February 8). Healthcare Finance News. Analytics and the future of healthcare. Horner, P and Basu, A. (2012, January 25). Analytics, January/February 2012. Putting the right people in place: Integrating finance after a merger. Kurkurudza, O. (2012, September 11). Hospitals and clinics MA outlook: Whatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the prognosis for deal making? MA International Inc. (2012). 3 Predictions for the future of U.S. healthcare: Retail models, population health service line acquisitions. Roney, K. (2012, April 13). Becknerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Hospital Review. 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The management of change at glaxosmithkline - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2020 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? GlaxoSmithKline is the earth major produce of pharmaceutical company. GlaxoSmithKline is among the globe pinnacle five companies of pharmaceutical and apex twenty FT international five hundreds companies in the earth. The company trendy his career in one hundred sixteen countries and it overcomes one hundred sixteen countries market place. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The management of change at glaxosmithkline" essay for you Create order Beecham opens the worlds first manufacturing make frivolously for manufacture medicines. Since at the time the crowd has transitory from side to side among stage, but the position where road brushwood off another term come during the join into whole of company. There was a most important impact on the relating to the art, and their planning of the company according to this combines into a whole. The company promotes his single society. They progress their approach of course. (Beecham, 2000) ISSUE OF CHANGE: The role of this change condition that has been select by artistic transform and placement union join of the RD department of the GlaxoSmithKline in 2000.The topic of change management of GlaxoSmithKline is reflect sincerely about the training of the company how to change and also build a group in arrange to makeup the gap between personal practice. According to the procedure of an institute the information is modify, and how the institute find, and form its numbers are the gladdest environment for the time that is still to come. in2001. The significance of behavior and the talent to change earnings, a extra prepositional concept that indicate in the floor column, because importance skill are after a shoot that is in use from relaxed of what is an society circumstances. The significance of change management in todays business surroundings is large. CHANGE SITUATION: The company was at danger not including change management from the extremely chase of pharmaceutical business. Thus with many government grant expiry due soon and the establish of original a smooth slowly roundabout column was a copy. The change management depends on the achievement of the use of existing part such as cells in commerce. The CEO of the company try to bring together the is an plan of life form large and small by separating the RD section into seven place of wonderful for medicine become alert of the position . The change can be separated as mean to do impressive change in life and give a complete report of something in words on the table. Inside change character of change Transformational change Adjust to a purpose Intend to do something changing in nature Version compulsory Transformational GLAXOSMITHKLINE STRATEGIC CHANGE SUTUATION In a way that correspond to separation of the RD, the change situation to the post-integration stage the company can also see as changing in environment is satisfied by the five vital type of transform of change that is given by CEO. The culture change is prevalent the department and, change acting grate roles of special group. In enriching change the management character was create a situation quite than just respond to it. The outside situation in which the company drives of the time of m union can also explain by the PESTEL study. (Emerald, 2004) (Handy, 1994) PESTEL examination: Expedient This is a element of a put to take out a study into a subject into the same example of one object with strength of global traffic by planet traffic group in China. In the 2005 the end of China public and some of the outstanding incomplete number of the low being extend amongst a great locale on poles parts into which something is separated. The course has conveniences of globalization for moral medicine manufacturer like GlaxoSmithKline. (Treasury, 2005) Inexpensive In 2004 the company has expected in universal pharmaceutical market raise  £275 billion, six percent of yearly sales over the subsequent five years in 2005. The significance of fitness of the company is an the control to involve someones achievement on the degree of things is not set by rules of selling and how is so much pay out money to buy on the detail of being essential purchase. This increase has assisted by small of detail that public who want to job cannot get them rise and go down the consciousness charge for much of the stage. The mention table that has been ready with the assist of information which in utilize from ONS. (Treasury, 2005) Year PDI Consumer expenditure Savings ratio Interest 2004 752 607 6% 4% 2002 703 649 5.3% 4% 2001 717 720 6.9% 4.9% 2003 721 664 5.5% 3.7% 2006 801 742 6.9% 4.5% In the table shows that the present sequence happening in the early on 1999; pointed in 2001 of UK industry and then saying its buck position in 2003. It can also be seeing from the phase chart that provide below the long term management financial policy. This is significance reports for the complete production UK as these cycles have less get in touch with on them at the present then facing. (Treasury, 2005) The fitness of nation is a consequence control on the large effects and how a large amount is used up on essential purchase. The trend in private throwaway returns has seen sturdy get higher of 14% in the time of 2002-2005. This expansion has been assist by short increase and attention charges so many cataracts behind of the stage. (Herald, 2005) Community: Nationalized Healthiness company has projected that healthcare pay out development will hang back exactly even plow up 2014, 7% increasing speed at all time. The progress of the chart in the healthcare can as well spend can for accurate drug company like to GlaxoSmithKline corporation. The people age 65 and have more than consisting of three thing of element. The UK study age have guess that by 2030, in one each 5 UK in style which age as 65 or more. (Herald, 2005) Technical: It is a subject that is operating in the built-up of copied sheet that are used in medical document. Important drive operating expenses are powerful the sentence of cover gear. Complex business crossways the ground has been muscle to move up the arraign of the company. (Treasury, 2005) Environmental: There has been a budding distress on the problem of mammal tough for the research-based pharmaceuticals. The company is utilizing nature to test new molecules and their feedback before set up them into investigational trial for human. The heaviness from the mammal correct activist has improved in the last combine of months on the companionship. (Herald, 2005) THE PROCESS OF CHANGE: The company is use European establishment for excellence Management reproduction to find out its concert in 2003. The progression has been use by the company to remoteness connecting their performances in some of change management. The change procedure has a cause on guidance, citizens, capital and development, which will also, depends on the outcome of customers and. management approach second-hand in each CEDD and the whole guidance manner during this change has been below weight so the management style should be wanted to be tainted from oppressive and independent job and people a situation impressive else. I have also brought or come to an end from the compress article about the change that scientists supposed that the subdivision was have authority in background. But as the division was separated into a instantly column makeup with dissimilar collection speak each extra the consequential background was a fraction that is alienated from the complete of vocation to be done civil ization. Scientists operational at the RD growth have report that these combination were limit army in they occupation as had financial statement standard during the pre-merger, period. Following the public report their enthusiasm level is very reduced for the change into cede in 2003. (Simmons,2003) THE PROCESS OF CULTURAL CHANGE: The progression of cultural changes of GlaxoSmithKline RD branch has emergency strategy. But what precisely does management occupation on to change a departments civilization. The potential give community meaning that it is tremendously immense in amount in a union; the easier said than done part is deciding which become involved in a situation in order to control are liable to have the most crash. The company has adopt a four step move towards the beginning of cultural change. This change process has been slightly modified from the power field study is proposed by to fit the change situation of this company. (Atkinson, 2005) THE DEMANDS FOR CHANGE: The demand of change is necessary for the change program. In categorize to take the idea of cultural change at the company a sense of importance was shaped to divide the RD subdivision into 7 organizations. Without RD department, the initiative gives the impression of being to go down below the liquid and other decided the order of importance of a number of tasks take the state of something before others in order and companies behavior does not change. The organizations have faced major problem in their operating environment, such a new participate enter in to the market. For example, in utilities, air and banking journey has been a main driver of change in many organizations global. The problems create a sense of urgency a stakeholder drawing a exacting area was done by the organization. The organization defined the middle and which are not very important behavior stakeholders for this change and group them together to create a new development for every group. In case of suc cessfully the change of the company helped by group. Some stakeholders for the modify can be tired on the following table: GlaxoSmithKline: Distributors Regulators Pressure groups ScientistÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦Core Stockholders ShareholdersÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦Core Stockholders Doctors Patients GlaxoSmithKline RD CHANGE MAJORS STOCKHOLDERS. The table shows that scientists and shareholders to be the central important part of something stakeholders in this change. (Atkinson, 2004,2005) CONSTRAINTS: The change from character of something of the RD department from a one unit towards seven smaller, independent power of the organization. In order to keep the group focused on the task, the balance between several different influences group, task and individual needs should be provide that is use for the first time in to bring something. Thy can also do it by having a relating Leadership style within each organization. Therefore the leadership style is a best set of clothes made of the fabric to succeed in dealing with a problem this constraint is able to bend easily without breaking. (Handy, 1993) EVALUATION: The content, context and process of the change management in the RD sector of the group during the post addition period of its combination can be evaluated by analyze the helpfulness, good organization and Economy of this change. The presentation of the RD section can be gauge by a relative examination of the company operation good organization. The statement of the then appointed CEO announced the basic role of the sharing out of RD section into Cedes was to increase the rate at which goods are produced of the subdivision as the organization had an empty a large pipe which is used for carrying oil at the time of merger. According to Data monitor the RD at the company is a statement of what is expected to happen in the future to make less than 5% of the total returns in 2007, weight the reduced economy of the change under contemplation. The organization spends  £ 2.1 billion in the change in the RD subdivision in years 2004. The companys spending on RD department increased by 3.8% in 2004. (Pettigrew, 1985) CONCLUSION: The process chose an option by GlaxoSmithKline under the light of outside market changes during a place where someone is on duty of two organizations into one combination of the organization can be seen as a good perform in the change management. The organization can also be seen as one of the best practice to be used for benchmarking in the business because the cultural is a particular appearance were a pattern of sports on it and describe something with during the change. The discussion make something available for someone to use with the help of closely connected theories the change management at the company of division of RD department into give up power can be used as benchmark. The organization can also be seen as one of the fines perform for others in and be successful in dealing with a problem the industry. (Robert AJanes, 2000)

Marks Spencer Natural Environment Free Essays

1.0 Executive Summary Marketing environment is very important for any given organisation as it relates to the macro environment, the microenvironment as well as the internal environment. The above sub types of environment are very important in the performance of any given organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Marks Spencer Natural Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marks and Spencer is affected by the three sub types of environment. The microenvironment at Marks and Spencer involves suppliers, consumers as well as customers, who deal directly with the organisation and impact on the performance of the organisation. The microenvironment will be discussed in length in this report with an aim of demonstrating how the natural environment operates. The macro environment as it relates to Marks and Spencer refers to the factors that influence the company’s performance but are out of control of the company. This touches on the legal aspects such as laws on environmental issues that impact on the operations of Marks and Spencer. Finally, the report incorporates internal environment issues, which basically involve; men, money, machinery, materials as well as markets. The above are discussed with an aim of demonstrating how they interrelate to cause positive change in Marks and Spencer. 2.0 Overview of the natural environment (Marks Spencer) In a bid to address possible threats and challenges in regard to the natural environment of the organisation, Marks and Spencer has several plans in place as part of its strategic repositioning for future business scenarios. Plan A program at Marks and Spencer constitutes of a five-year, 100-point plan to tackle some of the biggest challenges facing the organisation in relation to the political, economic, social, and technological environment. The plan is designed to facilitate a smooth working relationship between the customers and the suppliers to; combat climate change, through initiation of programs, which embrace safe environmental practices bearing in mind that the company gets its raw materials from the environment and it has a corporate duty and responsibility to conserve the environment. This calls for the company to embrace modern business practices, which are environment friendly such as the use of fuels, which cause little or no pollution to the environment. 3) Identify TWO areas of the natural environment likely to impact on Marks and Spencer in the medium term Marks and Spencer has embarked on initiatives to reduce wastage by realigning its production roles with emerging technologies, which ensure that there is little or no wastage of raw materials considering the fact that the rate of harvesting of raw materials from the natural environment is far much higher compared to the rate at which the natural environment is rejuvenating. By embracing wastage control methods such as recycling, Marks and Spencer is promoting a symbiotic relationship between the organisation and the local communities, who are affected by the actions of the company on the environment. The company is committed to safeguarding natural resources by putting in place several initiatives such as community-based environmental programs, which are aimed at enlightening the local community on the importance of preserving nature. In addition, the initiatives geared towards safeguarding nature have targeted all stakeholders including the employees because it is viewed that if every stakeholder understands and appreciates the individual role in safeguarding the environment, this would be beneficial not only for the sustainability of the organisation but also for the benefit of all. Trading ethically constitutes an important function in Marks and Spencer. This is important due to the fact that ethical practices are aimed at protecting the given organisation from harming any of its stakeholders. Marks and Spencer has a code of conduct as well as corporate responsibility policies, which guide the organisation in relation to its duties to the stakeholders. Marks and Spencer is committed to building a healthier nation by ensuring that it fulfils its social, political, legal, and environmental obligations to its stakeholders. As a retailer, they use a huge range of raw materials to produce our goods. Because of this, it is critical that the organisation manages the use of these materials sensitively and pays proper regard to how they affect natural habitats and bio-diversity. But making a difference here is not as simple as they would like. Change process in an organisation is a demanding and challenging process. It requires new types of standards to be set and adhered to across the world. As some materials – such as cotton and palm oil – are traded globally, the ability to affect change may at times be modest. There is a need for the organisation to work closely with suppliers, government bodies, environmental groups and local communities to promote sustainability. 4.1 Description of the marketing strategy the organisation currently employs to accommodate the key features of the natural environment. The Marketing strategy would become the parameter for a company to be a successful company. Although environmental issues influence all human activities, few academic disciplines have integrated green issues into their literature. This is especially true of marketing. As society becomes more concerned with the natural environment, businesses have begun to modify their behaviour in an attempt to address society’s â€Å"new† concerns. Marks and Spencer have been quick to accept concepts like environmental management systems and waste minimization, and have integrated environmental issues into all organizational activities. Some evidence of this is the development of journals such as â€Å"Business Strategy and the Environment† and â€Å"Greener Management International,† which are specifically designed to disseminate research relating to business’ environmental behaviour. Marks and Spencer uses a green marketing strategy for purposes of promotion of products with environmental characteristics so as to promote environmentally friendly behaviour amongst consumers. For Marks and Spencer the green marketing strategy applies to consumer goods in that the company promotes the concept of eco-tourism. The company has engaged in plans, which has seen product modification geared towards producing more environmentally friendly systems especially in the area of product packaging. Marks and Spencer has invested in production facilities, which significantly reduce wastage as well as preserving energy. In the same manner, the company has adapted ethical advertising policies, which aim at ensuring that every advertisement is considerate of environmental implications in terms of the decisions that consumers make. To this end, the company has participated in several forums and especially those organized by American Marketing Association (AMA) where is has shown support to consumer goods advocating for sustainable environment practices. 4.2 Explanation as to why the above strategies are likely to be of the greatest future significance to the organisation. Social Responsibility How a company is viewed by the public goes a long way in determining its future performance in relation to consumers. The strategies Marks and Spencer has adopted in a bid to promote natural environment can be seen as efforts geared towards good corporate social responsibility. Many firms are beginning to realize that they are members of the wider community and therefore must behave in an environmentally responsible manner by putting in place corporate social responsibility policies. Hence the reason why Marks and Spencer allocates huge budgets for its natural environment conservation efforts. This results in environmental issues being integrated into the firm’s corporate culture. Firms in this situation can take two perspectives; 1) they can use the fact that they are environmentally responsible as a marketing tool; or 2) they can become responsible without promoting this fact. For the case of Marks and Spencer, the company has promoted the first perspective of promoting environmentally responsible practices. The strategies the company has adopted in as far as acting responsibly in relation to the environment have taken marketing related dimension. Despite pressure from the government through legislations aimed at protecting the consumers and the society at large, the impact has been felt at Marks and Spencer. Governmental regulations relating to environmental marketing and designed to protect consumers have in one way or the other contributed to Marks and Spencer’s decision to realign its production systems towards achieving less wastage, use of ethical advertisements, as well as engaging in raising the level of awareness on environmental issues is an indication that Marks and Spencer is reposition itself for future implications of government policies on environment. Specifically, Marks and Spencer has adapted two concepts of food miles and field to fork in a bid to respond to emerging situations. â€Å"Food miles† is a relatively new idea in the debate about sustainability. Typically it is taken to mean the distance travelled to move food from the place it is produced to the store where it’s bought. But increasingly the definition goes wider, to include issues like locality, freshness, use of preservatives, packaging, choice, support for UK farmers and quality. Many environmental groups attach particular importance to food being produced close to where it is sold. Field-to-fork In 2003, Marks and Spencer launched a new over-arching set of standards to cover the management of the supply chain for fruit, vegetables and salads. These were drawn up after consultation with suppliers, government bodies and other organisations and covers aspects of production from â€Å"field-to-fork†. The company has commissioned independent research to look at similar systems around the world. As a result, they believe our Field-to-Fork scheme goes beyond the British and European assurance schemes used by other retailers, being the first to include such a wide range of requirements. Their standards cover traceability, minimising pesticide use, ethical trading, support for non-GM foods and food safety. 5.0 Recommendations for changes to the internal operations of the organisation to best meet their potential impact. Although Marks and Spencer has done a recommendable job in terms of promoting the natural environment, there is still room for improvement. The organisation particularly needs to work on its internal environment by; initiating more training programs for its human resources geared towards environment related issues. Secondly, the organisation needs to increase its budget allocated to environment conservation efforts. In addition, the organisation needs to invest in modern production technologies to further reduce wastage. There is also a need for the company to find lasting solutions to the management of materials especially in regard to conservation of its sources of raw materials. Finally, Marks and Spencer must look further from its traditional markets and diversify its brands to cover new markets as a potential source of increasing sales revenues, which will avail more money to be used in promoting the natural environment. The above can only be achieved by the organisation utilizing modern business analytical tools such as SWOT analysis, PEST analysis as well as Michael Porters Fiver Forces analysis so as to arrive at informed decisions, which are also sustainable. References http://www.theage.com.au/ Accessed on 20/05/2007. How to cite Marks Spencer Natural Environment, Essay examples

Porters 5 Forces Analysis of Starbucks free essay sample

Group Assessment: One Written Essay (50%) The work will normally be done in pairs. The work will include the analysis of an existing situation, the application of analysis techniques (introduced in lectures and developed in tutorials) and the presentation of conclusions using similarly-acquired techniques. It is intended to promote and assess practical research skills. Read the case study (Page 6 onwards) and answer the following questions: 1. Using an appropriate model, analyse the ways in which Universal has provided a superior level of service to its customers. (30 marks) 2. Using the information provided in the case scenario, strategically evaluate the performance of the company up to 2004, indicating any areas of particular concern. (30 marks) 3. Matthew Black is well aware that the achievement of the growth targets for the 2005 to 2007 period will depend on successful implementation of the strategy, affecting all parts of the company’s activities. Explain in detail the key issues affecting implementation and the changes necessary to achieve Universal’s ambitious growth strategy. (20 marks) 4. What criteria would you use to assess whether Universal is an ‘excellent’ company? (20 marks) Assessment Requirements: A written report of approximately 2,500 words that synthesises and critically evaluates management and planning issues from the case study. State the number of words used at the end of the assignment. You may include diagrams, figures, appendices etc. without word penalty. A sliding scale of penalties for excess length will be imposed. The penalties will be as follows: Up to 10% excess words:no penalty 11-20% excess words:- 5% penalty 21-30% excess words:-10% penalty 31% plus excess words: cannot achieve more than a pass grade (50%). Guidelines: A written report must be compiled in a suitable format that must incorporate the following: †¢ A clear and concise outline of the practical management and planning issues; †¢ Generation of conclusions that draw upon both theoretical and practical aspects; †¢ Use of appropriate terminology that will indicate a thorough understanding of management concepts; †¢ Suitable referencing of he materials used to support arguments put forward that will indicate competence in the academic issues discussed; †¢ Evidence to suggest a more in-depth understanding of the planning concepts being reviewed and their practical applications; †¢ Written content and structure that will demonstrate practical benefits being derived from the module, reading lists and rese arch required for the assignment; †¢ A wide range of sources used and cited (a minimum of 5 and not before 1999). †¢ Full referencing of material and sources cited that incorporate the Harvard Referencing System. Mark Distribution for assignment The mark allocation for the assignment will be as follows: ? 30 % of the mark will be allocated for familiarity with subject/material and evidence of original thinking. ? 30% of the marks will be allocated for Quality of argument/reasoning; the depth of analysis; expansion of ideas/argument and recognition of wider context/complexity of topic ? 10 % of the marks will be allocated for the relevance of answer to task set; the accuracy of details; consistency of focus and the organisation of ideas. ? 10% will be allocated for the ease of comprehension; appropriateness of language; fluency of style and the use of punctuation, grammar, etc. 10% will be allocated for the presentation format; word count and length ? 10% will be allocated for the use of supporting evidence; acknowledgement of sources: references, quotes, statistics and range and relevance of bibliography Assessment Guidelines Grading Criteria: The criteria below detail the areas which will be taken into account when the assi gnment is marked. 1. Pass assignments are expected to be legible, tidy, well organised and written in clear understandable English. The report should include an executive summary or abstract at the beginning and end with clear conclusions and recommendations. If you have any problems with report formats please do not hesitate to contact the module tutor. 2. High grades [70%, 75%, +80%] need to demonstrate sustained coherent analytical ability. A systematic approach to analysis and evaluation is required for grades 60% to 70% for grades at the higher end of the scale, integration and synthesis is a requirement. The quality of the arguments used to develop and support prescriptions/recommendations are, the essential test of integration. 3. Evidence of reading and some understanding of models and concepts is needed to achieve a pass grade [40%]. Integration of theory and practice is expected for any grade above 50%. 4. You are expected to clearly state any assumptions you make, and support statements and theories by referencing to appropriate sources. [This is essential for higher grades but does not necessarily prejudice a pass mark [40%] if it is missing]. CASE STUDY: Universal Roofing Systems Introduction Universal Roofing Systems is a family owned and managed business specialising in the design, assembly and installation of low maintenance PVC roofing products for domestic housing. These products include PVC fascia boards and rainwater drainage systems. Set up in 1995 by two brothers, Matthew and Simon Black, the firm has grown year on year, achieving almost ? 1 million sales by the year 2001. Universal’s products, or rather services, are primarily for private house owners, though a significant amount of sales are coming from commercial house owners, mainly local government authorities and housing associations, providing cheaper housing for rent. Universal have recently received central government recognition and an award for their contribution to providing employment in deprived inner city areas. In 2002 and 2003, they were the fastest growing inner city firm in their region. Origins and competitive environment Matthew and Simon’s decision to go into business owed a considerable amount to the experience and skills they had gained working in their father’s local cabinet and carpentry business. At their father’s insistence, both were skilled cabinet-makers and shared his commitment to quality workmanship and installation. Their decision to start a business using PVC materials as opposed to wood came as an unwelcome shock to their father. However, the opportunity to install PVC roofing boards on the house of a commercial contact provided the stimulus for them to go into business on their own account. In the UK there are some 25 million houses, of which 17 million are privately owned and 8 million rented. New housing is now usually built with PVC doors and windows installed, so it is the replacement market of rotten wooden doors and windows in existing houses that the manufacturers and installers of PVC windows and doors focus on. PVC offers some significant advantages to the owner/occupier – it is virtually maintenance free and improves the appearance of the house. Consequently, there is a high demand for PVC replacement doors and windows, estimated at ? 1 ·5 billion in the year 2000. This has attracted some large-scale manufacturers and installers. They compete aggressively for market share and use equally aggressive direct sales and promotion techniques to attract house owners to their product. Although the market for PVC windows and doors is reasonably mature, there has been no significant movement of large companies into the installation of roofing products. Their complex design and location at the top of a house mean that these products are much more complex and difficult to install. Economies of scale are harder to achieve and, as a consequence, the installation of PVC roofing systems is largely in the hands of small businesses able to charge high prices and frequently giving a poor quality service to the house owner. In a market with potential sales of ? 50 million a year, no firm accounts for more than 3%. It was against this fragmented, but significant market that Universal wanted to offer something distinctively different. Operational processes Matthew and Simon looked at the whole process of delivering a quality service in replacement PVC roofing systems. The experience of the PVC door and window installers showed the long-term rates of growth possible through acti vely promoting and selling the service. Supplies of PVC board and fittings were reasonably easy to obtain from the small number of large UK companies extruding PVC boards in large volumes. However, the unequal bargaining power meant that these suppliers dominated and were difficult to involve in any product development. Sales were generated by door-to-door canvassing, followed by a visit from a company sales representative who tried to complete the sale. Advertising in the press, radio and TV now supported this sales activity. In the early days the opportunity was taken to sell the service at Saturday markets and, being so small, Universal could often pleasantly surprise the house owner by offering virtually immediate installation.

In Vitro Fertilization Essays - Fertility Medicine, Fertility

In Vitro Fertilization "The unexamined life is not worth living." With these words, Socrates stated the creed of reflective men and women and set the task for ethics: to seek, with the help of reason, a consistent and defensible approach to life and its moral dilemmas (Walters 22). Ethical inquiry is important to us when we are unsure of the direction in which we are heading. "New philosophy calls all in doubt," wrote John Donne in the wake of the Copernican Revolution and of Charles I's violent death, suggesting that new thoughts had challenged old practices (Donne). Today, new practices in the biomedical sciences are challenging old thoughts: "New medicine calls all in doubt" (Walters 22). Few moral convictions are more deeply ingrained than that of the sanctity of life. If plausible once, however, the view that life is a "sacred process" (initiated, sustained, and finally halted by God) is now more difficult to maintain (Baier 1-4). Recent advances in the biomedical sciences allow us to intervene in, and sometimes take control of, the processes of life and death. Not only can death, quite often, be kept waiting by the bed or machine, doctors and scientists can now also intervene in, indeed, initiate the process of life: cloning and recombination of DNA are two examples; in vitro fertilization (IVF) is another (Walters 23). It is not surprising, then, that in the wake of these revolutionary developments, bioethics is flourishing. Despite the obvious enthusiasm of philosophers to take a stand on many complex moral issues in the biomedical sciences, however, a curious skepticism pervades the enterprise (Walters 23). Take the comments by a dean of an Australian Medical School on the teaching of medical ethics: Like any other lifelong clinical teacher I have firm views about such topics as euthanasia, continuing severe pain, acceptable and unacceptable risks of various treatments, the appropriate use of life support systems and numerous other matters of this sort which I discuss with my colleagues, assistants, and students but would not wish to teach dogmatically since much depends on the religious and ethical views which they may have and which also must command my respect ("Medical Ethics"). The paragraph suggests that although ethics is not a matter of dogmatism, it is a matter of personal preference or choice, something one cannot-or should not-argue about. Then there is another attitude, implied in a newspaper article by B.A. Santamaria, that ethical inquiry is useless unless those investigating bioethical issues have been "...endowed with authority by Almighty God [or] the Prime Minister..." (Santamaria). Since the study of ethics is all about what is right and what is wrong, it is not possible to come to a correct conclusion unless one is directly appointed by God to make this conclusion. God is the only One who can correctly decree what is ethical and unethical; we as imperfect humans should not even attempt to do this job. IVF raises many of these difficult moral issues. If the above conceptions about the nature of ethics were correct, however, discussion of these issues would either be futile (because morality is a matter of personal choice or opinion) or superfluous (because morality is what a divine or secular authority says it is) (Walters 23). In this paper, I want to suggest that it is not only possible, but also necessary to inquire into the ethics of such practices as IVF because the fact that we can do something does not mean that we ought to do it. To begin with, I will provide the basic medical facts involving IVF to give a solid understanding of what goes into the whole process and what facts involving this process cause the questioning of the ethical and moral issues. Infertility affects about 4.9 million couples in the United States, or one in every twelve. Approximately one-third of infertility cases can be traced to causes in the female (Encarta). However, a small proportion of infertile women can produce healthy eggs but, although they have a normal uterus, they have damaged or diseased fallopian tubes which prevent the egg from passing from the ovary to the uterus (Warnock 29). Aside from conventional methods of fertility treatment, there are also several newer techniques, collectively known as assisted reproductive

Examples of Simple Sentences With the Verb Learn

Examples of Simple Sentences With the Verb Learn As an English learner, youll want to know about the verb  learn.  Learn  is one of the few verbs in English that have two acceptable forms for  the past simple and as a participle.  Learnt  or  learned  is acceptable in both American and British English, but  learned  is more common in American English.   Base Form: ​Learn Use the base form of the verb in simple tenses including the present simple. The base form of learn is also used with the future form and modal forms such as  can,  should,  and  must: I usually learn a lot when I travel.Will you learn anything about math today?ï » ¿You should learn at least one foreign language. Past Simple: Learned or Learnt Use either learned  or  learnt  in past simple positive sentences: The children learnt about squirrels in school yesterday.I learned to play the piano at the age of five. Past Participle:  Learned or Learnt Use the past participle  learned  or  learnt  in past, present, and future perfect forms. This past participle form is also used in passive sentences. Perfect Forms: Shelleys learnt a lot in the United States.Peter had learned to count to ten before he turned one year old.They will have learned their lesson by the end of next week. Passive Forms: Latin was learned by most students in the early 1900s.Patience is a lesson that has been learned by anyone trying to study a language. Present Participle: Learning The present participle  learning  is perhaps the most common form as it is used in past, present, and future continuous forms, as well as with the past, present, and future perfect continuous forms: Continuous Forms: Hes learning a little Chinese this month.I wasnt learning anything new when you interrupted the meeting.Hell be learning a lot of new things this time next week. Perfect Continuous Forms: Shes been learning English for a few years.Theyd been learning a lot from Tom before Alice returned.Tom will have been learning Japanese for two years by the end of next term. Example Sentences with Learn Here are example sentences in each  tense in English. As you study these examples, imagine a timeline on which the actions take place to help become familiar with tense usage.  Please note that passive forms are much less common in everyday English than active forms. Present Simple: She learns languages quickly.Present Simple Passive: Math is learnt slowly by some.Present Continuous: Jack is currently learning Russian.Present Continuous Passive: Russian is being learnt by the students.Present Perfect: Angela has learnt four languages.Present Perfect Passive: Four languages have been learnt by Angela.Present Perfect Continuous: Angela has been learning Arabic for the past few months.Past Simple: Jennifer learnt how to play poker yesterday evening.Past Simple Passive: Poker was learnt quickly by all.Past Continuous: She was learning her lesson when he telephoned.Past Continuous Passive: The lesson was being learnt when he arrived.Past Perfect: She had learnt the song by heart before Jack did.Past Perfect Passive: The song had learnt by heart by the class before the singer arrived.Past Perfect Continuous: Our children had been learning English for two months before we moved.Future (will): She will learn quickly.Future (will) passive: A new song will be learnt soon. Future (going to): She is going to learn a new language next year.Future (going to) passive: A new song is going to be learnt next week.Future Continuous: This time next week we will be learning in a new classroom.Future Perfect: She will have learnt everything by the end of the month.Future Possibility: She might learn something new.Real Conditional: If she learns Russian, she will travel to Moscow.Unreal Conditional: If she learnt Russian, she would travel to Moscow.Past Unreal Conditional: If she had learnt Russian, she would have traveled to Moscow.Present Modal: She can learn easily.Past Modal: She cant have learnt that so quickly! Quiz Conjugate with Learn Use the verb learn  to conjugate the following sentences.  In some cases, more than one answer may be correct. Angela _____ Arabic for the past few months.Math _____ slowly by some.Poker _____ quickly by all.She _____ the song by heart before Jack did.A new song _____next week.She _____ everything by the end of the month.If she _____ Russian, she would have traveled to Moscow.Angela _____ four languages.She _____ languages quickly.Jack _____ currently _____ Russian. Answers: has been learningis learnt / is learnedwas learnt / was learnedhad learnt / had learnedis going to be learnt / is going to be learnedwill have learnt / will have learnedhad learnt / had learnedhas learnt / has learnedlearnsis learning

Critique of a quantitative research report Paper

Critique of a quantitative report - Research Paper Example Through the selection of supporting literary research studies, analysis/interpretation of data and observations the objectives of the study were accomplished. The purpose of this paper is to critically reviewing the format, content in relation to the objectives, and evaluate the effectiveness of the quantitative research study. The scientific style of writing is a formal and rigid form of writing which is to succinctly with efficiency communicate scientific findings (Bates College, 2011). The abstract section of a research study should announce what is to proceed and clearly state the research question(s) or problem(s) under investigation. Additionally as the introduction the abstract should contain a descriptive of the research design, methodology used in the study, primary results or findings. along with an abbreviated analysis of the results in relation to the research study’s objectives. As a scientific research study the abstract should spark the curiosity in others and offer additional knowledge on the subject motivating and stimulating interest in the minds of the readers enticing him or her to continue reading with interest and anticipation. Creswell (2008) in his instructions on how to write compelling research studies suggested using crisp, clear, concise verbs and descriptive language incorporating the strategy used for data collection, identifying the research site, and providing information on the participants in the study as an interlude or in the abstract of the study (pp. 113-119). Neuman (2006) emphasizes the mental or critical thinking component of the researcher(s) as the initial undertaking with the evolution of the study taking form after the thought process is engaged and the decision of what the purpose and objective of the study is about and hopes to accomplish. Neuman (2006) suggested in his methods of formulating an

Ted Bundy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ted Bundy - Research Paper Example Most of those that turn out as murderers and serial killers have underlying traits that are beyond the rapport created. While it is not definitive pointer to a killer, extreme anti-social behaviour has been a classical indicator of the same (Crime Library, n.d). In line with this, it is critical that those that develop socially at a low pace are not subjected to unfair treatment, but those that fall from being highly sociable to isolation should warrant help. Potential serial killers also tend to develop voyeurism with the intention of dominating another being. In view of exerting dominance, most potential serial killers tend to harm animals such as cats, dogs, among others for the thrill of it. The above coupled with psychopathic tendencies are early indicators of serial killer traits. Such traits are coated by charm in an effort to mask their identity, which also works to lure victims. Ted Bundy was no different presenting with changes in his social behaviour that was worsened by a depressive disorder. Born in 1946, Theodore Robert Cowell confessed to numerous homicides around the country before his execution. He abducted his victims who were mostly young women and girls before raping and killing them in cold blood. Known best by the alias Ted Bundy, he left a trail of bodies during his active years of the 70s. Ted a normal childhood, being brought up by his grandparents alongside his mother, who he believed was his sister. However, as a teenager Ted isolated himself from his peers stating that he did not understand social behaviour among teenagers (Criminal Minds, n.d). He studied psychology and Asian studies in college and worked various jobs at the time. It is during this period that he met Ann Rule, who would later write a definitive biography on Ted (Rule, 2012). Ted’s social challenges became evident after relationship breakup where his partner claimed lack of ambition and immaturity as her reasons. Consequently, he was depressed and return to hi s hometown after dropping out of school. Which searching through public records, Ted discovered his parentage an aspect that had a profound effect in his life. His personality underwent a fundamental shift from a reserved and shy person to a more focussed, social and dominant one. It was during this period that he became a campaign manager for Nelson Rockefeller in his bid for the presidency. Moreover, Bundy enrolled as a psychology major in Washington and built a strong relationship with his professors and peers. Over the years, he also enrolled in the University of Utah in the school of law amid recommendation from his employer, Evan Davis and several professors. However, the newfound character was short-lived as he began skipping classes and keeping to himself. There is no consensus as to when Ted began his reign of terror as he refused to divulge information on his earliest crimes. This is besides confessing to later killings where he provided detailed specifics of the crimes. I n addition, different versions of the crime stories were told to different people indicating involvement in the murder of several people in the early 1970s. Nevertheless, it is agreeable that Ted’s first attempted murder was in 1974 after he bludgeoned his sleeping victim before sexually assaulting her. Despite surviving the attack, she suffered permanent brain damage and was not much of help in identifying the attacker (Greene and Heilbrun, 2011). The months that followed saw the disappearance of

The Sales Force Compensation Business Essay

The Sales Force Compensation Business Essay For most of the organizations, compensation plan is the main driving force for motivating the entire sales force as they are the key people interacting with the customers on regular basis. According to Skiera and Albers (2008), the total rewards approach comprises of all the tools available with the employer for attracting, motivating and rewarding the employees appropriately. The main aim of this approach is to accelerate desired behaviors in the entire workforce along with reinforcement of overall business strategy that will boost the firms performance (Mia Evans, 2007). Unilever ensures that is total rewards program is supportive to achieve the desired targets of the company and the Human Resource (HR) professionals of the company have ensured that it possesses six features that are vital for the effectiveness of this program (WorldatWork, 2007). The main features of the total rewards approach are as follows: Compensation It is the most important part of the entire program as it is the basic pay structure that comprises of both fixed and variable pays along with long-term and short-term incentives. The fixed amount is the base salary which remains constant for every salesperson and the variable pay is dependent on the method used i.e. commission, pay-for-performance, piece-rate pay, time-rate pay and others. The other incentives comprise of bonuses, profit-sharing, ownership share and etc. Enhanced flexibility The employees are looking for flexible working hours that allow them to utilize their skills appropriately while working on the job. Benefits These are the factors that the employees are looking for in their jobs in addition to the monetary payment that they receive such as medical benefits, life insurance benefits, social security, unemployment and etc. Rewards and Recognition When employees achieve something highly desirable or challenging, they need to be shown the appreciation either by giving them rewards in the form of bonuses, profit sharing, share ownership or announcing the success within the organization to declare the persons valuable contribution in the company. Work-life balance The employees have to provided support in maintaining adequate balance between the work, personal life and community responsibilities. They can be provided financial support, paid and unpaid vacations, caring for dependents and community involvement opportunities. Opportunities for development and career progression In order to retain the employees for long-term, the program should outline the career progression path that is vital for the enhanced motivation level of the complete sales force. Question 2 Describe the behaviors of the sales force that are targeted with the compensation plan. Answer 2 With the help of an effective and well-integrated compensation plan, Unilever tries to boost the productivity of its sales force so that they can help it in meeting the long-term objectives. The key behaviors that are targeted in sales force with a highly effective compensation plan are bringing new ideas and concepts in the company, suggesting innovative products that are desired by the customers for enhancing their satisfaction level, creating competition among salespeople so that they strive to make increasing sales and promoting proper and ethical course of business activities for meeting the organizational objectives effectively (Zoltners, Sinha Lorimer, 2006). When employees will be satisfied with the compensation plan and will believe that they are being compensated for their efforts adequately, they will become loyal to the company and the employee turnover rate will reduce drastically. The entire employee cost will go down and the organization will be able to maintain a proper balance between the employees value and organizations goals. Question 3 Assess how a value proposition is achieved for current and future employees in the plan you have outlined. Answer 3 According to Cichelli (2010), the compensation plan designed by Unilever comprises of the following factors: Base Pay Commission (Depending on the sales made by each salesperson) Bonuses (10% of the base pay) Benefits Health care, Life insurance, Retirement, Social security, community support programs, paid holidays and financial support. Rewards and recognition Merit based increase at the year end after performance appraisal and profit sharing for exceeding the target level. Career advancement opportunities Each sales person will be given specific targets to provide chances for moving ahead in their careers and try to get promoted to more additional levels. The basic philosophy underlying the total rewards approach is that the employees should be provided complete value from the entire compensation plan. The key elements required for creating the most effective value proposition for all current and potential employees are colleagues, work responsibilities, organization culture, values and total rewards. Most of the employees make their final decision on the basis of the rewards that are visible to them and they give less importance to the non-monetary rewards that are given during the job tenure (How, Sundram Tack, 2011). From the compensation plan outlined, it is evident that the company highly values its sales people and has taken every important measure to provide a conducive, encouraging and accommodating working environment to them that will elicit desired working behavior along with enhanced motivation level. In order to create the effective value proposition, the compensation plan of each employee is aligned with the organizations objectives and they are provided the right tools and opportunities that can help them in attaining their yearly goals successfully. Question 4 Based upon the type of plan you have created, indicate how attracted you think future salespeople may be to this plan. Answer 4 Since the compensation plan is one of the vital methods used by organizations to attract, retain and motivate the employees, it is important for them to keep on incorporating the changes within the plan so that it is up-to-date. Although the designed compensation plan is a general one but the most effective one is that which takes account of each employees needs and develop the plan in accordance to their expectations. Sometimes the employers overlook the individual requirements of every sales person and design a plan that is beneficial for the organization. In order to attract more sales people, there are various features that will have to be added in the compensation plan such as employee engagement activities, off-the-job training programs, promoting the concepts of vacations for boosting the productivity level and including attractive rewards that will keep the sales person glued to the job and will find the work interesting and captivating. Hence, it is important to upgrade the compensation plan on an ongoing basis so that there are no loopholes in them and the sales force is satisfied with the rewards strategy. However, the key to keeping the employees motivated and enhancing their retention desire is to offer them the compensation and rewards in accordance to their requirements so that they feel valued and are willing to go an extra mile to support the company in fulfillment of its mission and objectives.

Volenteer

SCARBOROUGH YMCA VOLUNTEER APPLICATION FORM ` PERSONAL INFORMATIONMr. Mrs. Ms. First Name: Last Name: Address: Apartment No. : City: Prov: Postal Code: Home Phone: ( ) - Cell: ( ) - Email: Volunteer Shirt Size: Membership #: No Membership| PLEASE LIST TWO REFERENCES (Other than relatives / not related to you)EMAIL REQUIREDMr. Mrs. Ms. (click to see options)Name: Relationship: Phone: ( ) - Email: Notes: (For volunteer coordinator use only)Mr. Mrs. Ms. (click to see options)Name: Relationship: Phone: ( ) - Email: Notes: (For volunteer coordinator use only)| SCHOOL INFORMATION Not ApplicableSchool Name: How many hours do you require? Time frame: From to (ex. Feb 2010 to Feb 2013)| IN WHICH AREA(S) WOULD YOU LIKE TO VOLUNTEER: (click to see options)Preference #1: Preference #2:| Emergency Contact Information:Name: Telephone: ( ) - Relationship (click to see options) If you have any questions please contact:Scarborough YMCAc/o Myra Narvaza(416) 296-9907 x408myrabelle. [e mail  protected] org| AVAILABILITYPlease indicate when you would be available to volunteer: Timeframe| Mon| Tues| Wed| Thu| Fri| Sat| Sun| AMBETWEEN6am-10am WEEKENDS 7am-10 am| | | | | | Between| Between| MID #1 BETWEENBetween10am-4pm| | | | | | | | MID #2 BETWEENBetween4pm-8pm| | | | | | | | PMBETWEEN8pm-12am| | | | | | | | | OTHER INFORMATION (Volunteer Coordinator Use Only) INTERVIEW DATE: _________________________ AGEDate of Birth:______________________Current Age: ______________________ * 14 – 15 yrs. Proof of Age: ____________________16 yrs. n:______________ * 16 above; Clearance Letter Date: ________________ MEDIA RELEASE FORM DATE: ______________________ AODA SELF-STUDY CONFIRMATION EMAIL DATE: _____________________ CERTIFICATION / QUALIFICATIONS: ______________________________________Tentative Assignment: (Program Area //Day/s //Time/s) ____________________________ NOTES:| ORIENTATION INVITE EMAIL DATE: ________________________ Volunteer Operating Policies Procedur es Manual copy AODA Self Study linkORIENTATION DATE & TIME: ______________________________|

Quantitative research Essay

Quantitative research is the research method because this research method can collect many opinions and information from the large audiences and it is easier in doing analysis. After that, numerical data that successfully collected in the quantitative research is closely related to the final part of the research. (http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/36869_muijs.pdf)- journal In addition, quantitative research is helpful in explaining and analyzing about a specific topic. (http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/36869_muijs.pdf) For example, for research title† The negative impact of violence drama toward teenagers violence behavior†, through the quantitative research, people can know that actually how many of the teenagers actually will curious about the violence drama? Or actually how many of them will get influences or imitate what shown in the violence drama? Lastly, quantitative research can also help to narrow the wide number of public opinion into quantitative through questionn aire or tests. Thus, as mentioned above, it is easier in doing analysis after all the information is being gathered. Definition of quantitative research, viewed by †¦. Weblink Sample There are two types of sampling, which are probability sampling and nonprobability sampling. Probability sampling refer to everyone has the chance to enroll in the sample and it can be defined accurately. (http://www.statcan.gc.ca/edu/power-pouvoir/ch13/nonprob/5214898-eng.htm). Possibility sampling shows the features of the chosen population and thus, it is more credibility. (http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/sommerb/sommerdemo/sampling/types.htm) However nonprobability sampling refer to just some of the people can enroll in the sample and it result cannot define accurately. (http://www.statcan.gc.ca/edu/power-pouvoir/ch13/nonprob/5214898-eng.htm) There are quota sample, purposive sample and convenience sample in the nonprobability sampling. Convenience sample (nonprobability sample) is being used in this research because this research only targeted teenagers and college students. In other words, not all the people can be selected as target audiences for this research. The reason that t he survey questions are available to 100 people is because this can helps to find out different opinions and also find out how different teenagers behave differently after  watching violence drama. In addition, if there are no limits the numbers of the respondents, it is impossible to get the final result since there may be thousands of the different opinions and answers out there. Thus, choosing 100 people to answer on these questionnaires can help to minimize the large number of audiences too. Lastly, questionnaire survey for this research had been made as web questionnaire and target audiences can answer the questions by just clicking into the web link. Teenagers and college students have been choose to answer these questionnaires according to the gender because different gender may bring out a different result as well. Variables Variables are any aspect that will change the result of the studies. Independent variable is the one which always affects dependent variables. In this study, the independent variable is the violence drama and dependent variable would be the teenagers and college students because the negative impact brought out by violence drama may influence them. Measurement Measurement is the process of gathering the quantitative data. In addition, it is also a process that covert the data into phenomena based on the particular rules. Variables can be measured by different kind of measurement scales. In this research, there are close-ended questions, likert scales, guttman scaling. Close-ended Questions. Close-ended question is the question that provides several answers to let respondents choose. Means that, close-ended question is also the question that contain multiple choices. (www.businessdictionary.com/definition/closed-questions.html). Denifition of close-ended questions, Viewed by †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, Weblink For example: Question: Have you ever watched violence drama before? Please choose the answer below. Yes No Respondents require choosing one answer only and this is easier to get the result and opinion from them. Likert Scales Likert scales are the questions to test the respondents’ level of agreement and disagreement. In addition, it is also the non-comparative scaling techniques. For example: Please choose the answer below. Questions: Statement Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly Agree I think I will to imitate because curious of the action from violence drama Respondents are require to choose one answer only of above and this is easier to test their level of agreement and disagreement. Guttman Scaling Guttman scaling is the question that contain few choices of answers and let respondents to choose the satisfy answer among it. For examples: Please choose the answer below. Questions: How often do you watch violence drama? Everyday Twice a week Once a month Others:__________ Respondents are require to choose one answer only and this is easier to do the analysis. Techniques and Scoring The techniques used to calculate the data of these measurement scales. Close-ended Questions For example: Question: Have you ever watched violence drama before? Please choose the answer below. oYes oNo Scoring Scores Final percentage Yes 83 89% No 10 11% 100% Table above showed the sample scoring for close-ended questions. From the result above, stated that most of the respondents have ever watched violence drama before. This is easier to find out the result by analyzing out the data collected. Likert Scales For example: Please choose the answer below. Questions: Statement Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly Agree I think I will to imitate because curious of the action from violence drama Final Percentage Strongly Disagree 29% Disagree 38% Agree 26% Strongly Agree 7% 100% Table above showed the sample scoring for likert scales. By looking through this table, the level of agreement and disagreement of respondents can be seen. Guttman Scaling For examples: Please choose the answer below. Questions: How often do you watch violence drama? oEveryday oTwice a week oOnce a month oOthers:__________ Scoring Final Percentage Everyday 15% Twice a week 30% Once a month 29% Others 26% 100% Table above showed the sample scoring for guttman scaling. As the table showed, there are most of the respondents watch violence drama twice a week. However, there are only few respondents that answer others. The percentages make the data analysis easier. Procedure The very first step to start this research is to decide the research topic first. Then, the following things that need to decide after the research topic is research problem and objectives. After determining all of these, all the questionnaires will be drafted out according to the information that decided and gathered during the previous steps. After created the questionnaires, the questionnaires were made as a web questionnaire and send to the target audiences for answering. Lastly, the next step after this was to collect the data, calculate it out, and make a data analysis for it. Thus, the first step is always important in doing a research as all the progress will be affected if the first step was doing in a wrong way. Conclusion As a conclusion, questionnaires are very important in getting an accurate result. Thus, when deciding the questionnaire, it is necessary to make sure the questionnaires are asking in a right way and logical way. If the questionnaires have a lot of mistakes, this will influence the final results and accurate data and information could not be collected.

Critically Explain the Concept of Kinship in Africa....

The subject of traditional family patterns in Africa is so broad that it cannot be adequately addressed by many scholars. The cultural and physical diversity added with the dramatic social changes of the last three decades on the continent makes the family pattern situation so variegated as to defy any sweeping generalizations. This difficulty in generalization bone of diversity was already apparent to many early scholars of the African traditional family. This essay will briefly explore traditional African family patterns explaining the concept of kinship in Africa, the differences and similarities between patrilineal and matrilineal families systems. Kinship is the web of relationships woven by family and marriage. Traditional†¦show more content†¦They are well suited to traditional forms of production and exchange where these are found (which is still the case among the majority of African peoples), and they provide a sense of personal identity and security that is of high emotive value (Bell Vogel: 1960). Kinship and marriage are closely linked in several ways. On one level, kinship rules may determine marriage partners. In this respect, North African and sub-Saharan societies differ widely. North African peoples encourage marriage within a group, often a kinship group. Traditionally, the ideal marriage is between cousins, including the children of two brothers. Among the Bedouin, for example, a boy has the right to marry his fathers brothers daughter. Although she can refuse the cousins proposal, she needs his permission to marry someone else (Barnes: 1951). Most lineage groups in sub-Saharan Africa, in contrast, favor marriage outside the group. As a result, kinship is not limited strictly to lineage. An individual has important ties with two different kin groups, the mothers and the fathers. Such ties often extend outside the village or community, offering certain advantages. If a community suffers from drought, war, disease, food shortages, or other disasters, for example, its members may go to live with kin in other areas. Marriage and kinship are also linked by customs governing the